This chapter focuses on futureproofing in the twenty-first century. Here, resilience is employed everywhere in the Western world as the futureproofing strategy of choice. In the light of 9/11, it became necessary to articulate how we manage and govern risk given that ‘we live, think and act in concepts that are historically obsolete but which nonetheless continue to govern our thinking and acting’. Although implementation methods differ depending on what is being made resilient, politicians constantly proclaim the need to enhance it, city planners and engineers are constantly being urged to adopt it, while individuals and communities are told they need to have more of it. Professional associations have rapidly incorporated resilience ideas into their existing frameworks of action for sustainability, risk management or emergency planning, in many cases extending their scale and ambition. Resilience has been further incorporated into the modus operandi of numerous policy communities and is almost ubiquitous in media portrayals and political sound bites of the latest crisis or disaster.
Non-state nations: Structure, rescaling, and the role of territorial policy communities, illustrated by the cases of Wales and Sardinia