scholarly journals Partially complemented representations of digraphs

2002 ◽  
Vol Vol. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Dahlhaus ◽  
Jens Gustedt ◽  
Ross M. Mcconnell

Special issue: Graph Decompositions International audience A complementation operation on a vertex of a digraph changes all outgoing arcs into non-arcs, and outgoing non-arcs into arcs. This defines an equivalence relation where two digraphs are equivalent if one can be obtained from the other by a sequence of such operations. We show that given an adjacency-list representation of a digraph G, many fundamental graph algorithms can be carried out on any member G' of G's equivalence class in O(n+m) time, where m is the number of arcs in G, not the number of arcs in G' . This may have advantages when G' is much larger than G. We use this to generalize to digraphs a simple O(n + m log n) algorithm of McConnell and Spinrad for finding the modular decomposition of undirected graphs. A key step is finding the strongly-connected components of a digraph F in G's equivalence class, where F may have ~(m log n) arcs.

2014 ◽  
Vol DMTCS Proceedings vol. AT,... (Proceedings) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob White

International audience We present a generalization of the chromatic polynomial, and chromatic symmetric function, arising in the study of combinatorial species. These invariants are defined for modules over lattice rings in species. The primary examples are graphs and set partitions. For these new invariants, we present analogues of results regarding stable partitions, the bond lattice, the deletion-contraction recurrence, and the subset expansion formula. We also present two detailed examples, one related to enumerating subgraphs by their blocks, and a second example related to enumerating subgraphs of a directed graph by their strongly connected components.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Сергей Черноухов

Предложен подход к решению проблемы проверки изоморфности двух графов исходя из анализа их максимально протяженных неразветвляющихся путей. На его основе предлагается подход и алгоритм решения частного случая задачи поиска в некотором графе A всех подграфов, изоморфных заданному графу B (а именно, поиск только «вписанных» подграфов), а также определяется само понятие «вписанного» подграфа. «Вписанным» подграфом графа A здесь называется такой его подграф, который может быть «приклеен» к другим частям графа A только за счет ребер, инцидентных лишь граничным вершинам его (подграфа) неразветвляющихся путей максимальной длины (при этом граф A может содержать и иные компоненты связности). Решение частного случая задачи поиска «вписанных» подграфов обобщается для поиска в графе A всех подграфов, изоморфных данному графу-образцу B. Для этого вместо рассмотрения их максимально протяженных неразветвляющихся путей необходимо рассматривать все их ребра. Предложенные подход и алгоритм применимы: (1) как для ориентированных, так и для неориентированных графов, (2) для графов, содержащих более одной компоненты связности/ сильной связности, (3) для графов, содержащих кратные (множественные) ребра и петли. ----------- An approach based on maximal non-branching paths analysis to solve graph isomorphism problem is introduced. An algorithm to solve the particular case of the problem of finding in a some graph A all subgraphs that are isomorphic to given graph B is proposed (only “inscribed” subgraphs can be found this way, not all of them). Here we shall name a subgraph of some given graph A as "inscribed" if (1) this subgraph is "glued" to other parts of A only by edges that connected to those vertices of this subgraph that are begin/ end ones of any max-length non-branching path of it, or (2) this subgraph is a separate connected component of the graph A. The proposed algorithm of finding “inscribed” subgraphs is expanded to solve a whole problem of finding all (not only “inscribed”) subgraphs of a graph A that are isomorphic to given template graph B. To do so one should consider all edges of these graphs instead of their max-length non-branching paths. These proposed approach and algorithm may be implemented to: (1) directed or undirected graphs, (2) graphs that have more than one connected components/ strongly connected components, (3) graphs that contain multiple edges and multiple loops.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 122-133
Author(s):  
Alexey V. Oletsky ◽  
◽  
Mikhail F. Makhno ◽  
◽  

A problem of automated assessing of students’ study projects is regarded. A heuristic algorithm based on fuzzy estimating of projects and on pairwise comparisons among them is proposed. For improving adequacy and naturalness of grades, an approach based on introducing a parameter named relaxation parameter was suggested in the paper. This enables to reduce the spread between maximum and minimum values of projects in comparison with the one in the standard scale suggested by T. Saati. Reasonable values of this parameter were selected experimentally. For estimating the best alternative, a center of mass of a fuzzy max-min composition should be calculated. An estimation algorithm for a case of non-transitive preferences based on getting strongly connected components and on pairwise comparisons between them is also suggested. In this case, relaxation parameters should be chosen separately for each subtask. So the combined technique of evaluating alternatives proposed in the paper depends of the following parameters: relaxation parameters for pairwise comparisons matrices within each strongly connected components; relaxation parameter for pairwise comparisons matrices among strongly connected components; membership function for describing the best alternative.


2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama G. Attia ◽  
Kevin R. Townsend ◽  
Phillip H. Jones ◽  
Joseph Zambreno

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