scholarly journals A review of the footsteps illusion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiyoshi Kitaoka ◽  
Stuart Anstis
Keyword(s):  
Geometrical Illusion ◽  
Edge Contrast ◽  
Perceived Speed

Studies on the footsteps illusion proposed by Anstis (2001) and its variants are reviewed in this article. The footsteps illusion has been explained as a difference in perceived speed depending on edge contrast (Thompson, 1982). In addition to this explanation, it is suggested that the footsteps illusion and its variants can also be attributed to the geometrical illusion presented by Gregory and Heard (1983), to the extinction effect similar to hidden images by Wade (1990), and to subsequent position or motion captures. Related illusions, for example, the kickback illusion (Howe, Thompson, Anstis, Sagreiya, & Livingstone, 2006), the kick-forward illusion, the driving-on-a-bumpy-road illusion, or the footsteps illusion based upon reverse phi motion, are discussed in this article.

Edge contrast in ionography

1978 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1060-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Plewes ◽  
H E Johns
Keyword(s):  
Edge Contrast

Apparent Contraction of Edge Angles

Perception ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1209-1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiyoshi Kitaoka
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Corner Effect ◽  
Edge Contrast

The corner effect, the Münsterberg illusion, and the Cafe Wall illusion are explained by a model postulating that the corner effect is an orientation illusion specific to corner edges and that the perceived orientations of these edges are shifted toward angle contraction. It is also assumed that the effect is greatest when the corner edges show the same or similar edge contrast at the corner. This model yields three new types of illusions: the ‘checkered illusion’, the ‘illusion of shifted gradations’, and the ‘illusion of striped cords’. Each of them gives many variations making a three-dimensional impression.

scholarly journals Perceived speed in peripheral vision can go up or down

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Hassan ◽  
Peter Thompson ◽  
Stephen T. Hammett
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Vision ◽  
Perceived Speed

Obliquity Integration: Variations on a Theme of Delbœuf

Perception ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 705-712
Author(s):  
Giovanni B Vicario ◽  
Giulio Vidotto ◽  
Elena Zambianchi
Keyword(s):  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
The Other ◽  
Geometrical Illusion ◽  
Tilt Illusion ◽  
Variations On A Theme ◽  
Rod And Frame

An optical—geometrical illusion, described by Delbœuf and not familiar to specialists, is investigated. The results of two experiments show that the divergence between a bar filled with parallel slanting lines and a line drawn above it is clearly related to this angle of the lines which fill the bar. The illusion is already present when this angle is 10°, reaches its maximum at 20°, decreases at 30°, and almost disappears at 40°. These results are similar to those found for the tilt illusion, are slightly different from those found for the rod-and-frame illusion, and differ greatly from those found for the Zöllner illusion. The other variables considered—the distance between the slanting lines filling up the bar, the distance between the upper line and the bar, and the width of the bar—do not influence the illusion as much. Since either the line appears as diverging from the bar, or the bar seems inclined in relation to the line, the illusion should be considered a complex one. The small oblique lines inside the bar induce obliquity in the opposite sense in the display, but which of the elements is seen as diverging from the other depends on which of the two is established as the frame of reference.

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