Functional Anatomy of the Thoracic Spine and Shoulder Girdle

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Spine ◽  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Shoulder Girdle

Altered Alignment of the Shoulder Girdle and Cervical Spine in Patients With Insidious Onset Neck Pain and Whiplash-Associated Disorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harpa Helgadottir ◽  
Eythor Kristjansson ◽  
Sarah Mottram ◽  
Andrew Karduna ◽  
Halldor Jonsson
Keyword(s):  
Neck Pain ◽  
Thoracic Spine ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Theory ◽  
Insidious Onset ◽  
Group A ◽  
Whiplash Associated Disorder ◽  
Exacerbation Of Symptoms

Clinical theory suggests that altered alignment of the shoulder girdle has the potential to create or sustain symptomatic mechanical dysfunction in the cervical and thoracic spine. The alignment of the shoulder girdle is described by two clavicle rotations, i.e, elevation and retraction, and by three scapular rotations, i.e., upward rotation, internal rotation, and anterior tilt. Elevation and retraction have until now been assessed only in patients with neck pain. The aim of the study was to determine whether there is a pattern of altered alignment of the shoulder girdle and the cervical and thoracic spine in patients with neck pain. A three-dimensional device measured clavicle and scapular orientation, and cervical and thoracic alignment in patients with insidious onset neck pain (IONP) and whiplash-associated disorder (WAD). An asymptomatic control group was selected for baseline measurements. The symptomatic groups revealed a significantly reduced clavicle retraction and scapular upward rotation as well as decreased cranial angle. A difference was found between the symptomatic groups on the left side, whereas the WAD group revealed an increased scapular anterior tilt and the IONP group a decreased clavicle elevation. These changes may be an important mechanism for maintenance and recurrence or exacerbation of symptoms in patients with neck pain.

Gorham-Stout disease of the shoulder girdle and cervico-thoracic spine: fatal course in a 65-year-old woman

2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 724-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bode-Lesniewska B. ◽  
A. von Hochstetter ◽  
Exner G. ◽  
Hodler J.
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Spine ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
Fatal Course

Phylogenetic aspects of functional and structural entity of human vertebral spine

2018 ◽  
pp. 106-113
Author(s):  
А. D. Kozlov ◽  
Yu. P. Potekhina
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Spine ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
Functional Movement ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
General Mobility ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Nutrition Problem

Introduction. Many scientists have studied connection between the structure of the spinal column and its function, phylogenetic aspects of formation of its curves, etc. However, we cannot consider this issue resolved. Goal of research - is to justify connection between functionality of the spinal column and its structure, which was formed in order to support the required functionality. The structure has been evaluated in the view of mobility of structural elements. Materials and methods. The study compared mobility of individual vertebra and regions of spine. The concept of General Mobility (GM) of a region was introduced, where GM equals to the sum of all movements. GM of a region concerns all the verterbrae belonging to this area. Also, a concept of GM of individual vertebra was introduced. Results. The main functional movement of the lumbar spine is fl exion, which enables the solution of the nutrition problem (food gathering and farming). Thoracic spine possesses a unique combination of high mobility of the system as a whole and high stability of some of its elements, which is possible due to a high number of elements in the system. The function of thoracic spine is predominantly protective, whilst the shoulder girdle is mobile. Phenomenal mobility of the cervical spine permits to realize binocular visual control of almost entire space around a person, which provides him security. Interaction between cervical, thoracic and lumbar spines allows to attack and to defend in fi ghts. Conclusion. Analysis of the mobility of the individual vertebrae and regions of the spine suggests that their development depended on their functions. Life and well-being of species depend on these functions. Integration is the most important function of the spinal column. It connects regions having protective function with the regions having mainly communicative function.

Endoscopic Access to the Ventral Thoracic spine: PETD vs. Thoracoscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Jun Ho Le
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spine ◽  
Posterior Approach ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
Spinal Mobility ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Perioperative Morbidity ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Cord Injury

Symptomatic thoracic disc herniation (TDH) is estimated to afflict between 1 in 1,000 and 1 in 1,000,000 people; affecting men more frequently than women, with the highest incidence seen at 40-50 years of age. TDH occurs at all levels of the thoracic spine but 75% of cases occur below T8, with T11-T12 being the most common site due to spinal mobility and weakness of the posterior longitudinal ligament.Manipulation of the thoracic spinal cord through the conventional posterior approach has been associated with poor outcomes. A conventional posterior approach consisting of laminectomy, cord retraction, and disc removal was historically done to treat TDH but this causes spinal cord injury and irreversible paraplegia due to cord manipulation on the relatively rigid spinal cord.The anterior approach to the spine is also intimidating to the spine surgeon due to the unique anatomy of the thoracic spine. Conventional open approaches to the thoracic spine involve a thoracotomy, rib resection, and corpectomy to view the spinal cord anteriorly. This has been associated with perioperative morbidity due to surgical site pain, difficult/painful breathing, shoulder girdle dysfunction, and wound healing problems.In order to spare the patients suffering from these postoperative iatrogenic sequelae, the author presents two different minimally invasive approach techniques; percutaneous endoscopic thoracic discectomy (PETD) vs. thoracoscopy, each applied to a different indication or thoracic pathology, to gain an enough but safe access to the ventral thoracic spinal canal through minimized surgical damages without yielding a postsurgical morbidity.

Functional Anatomy Underlying Pharyngeal Swallowing Mechanics and Swallowing Performance Goals

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 648-655
Author(s):  
William G. Pearson ◽  
Jacline V. Griffeth ◽  
Alexis M. Ennis
Keyword(s):  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Upper Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Performance Goals ◽  
Laryngeal Elevation ◽  
Port Closure ◽  
Swallowing Dysfunction ◽  
Hyoid Movement ◽  
Pharyngeal Swallowing ◽  
Pharyngeal Constriction

Purpose Rehabilitation of pharyngeal swallowing dysfunction requires a thorough understanding of the functional anatomy underlying the performance goals of pharyngeal swallowing. These goals include the safe and efficient transfer of a bolus through the hypopharynx into the esophagus. Penetration or aspiration of a bolus threatens swallowing safety. Bolus residue indicates swallowing inefficiency. Several primary mechanics, or elements of the swallowing mechanism, underlie these performance goals, with some elements contributing to both goals. These primary mechanics include velopharyngeal port closure, hyoid movement, laryngeal elevation, pharyngeal shortening, tongue base retraction, and pharyngeal constriction. Each element of the swallowing mechanism is under neuromuscular control and is therefore, in principle, a potential target for rehabilitation. Secondary mechanics of pharyngeal swallowing, those movements dependent on primary mechanics, include opening the upper esophageal sphincter and epiglottic inversion. Conclusion Understanding the functional anatomy of pharyngeal swallowing underlying swallowing performance goals will facilitate anatomically informed critical thinking in the rehabilitation of pharyngeal swallowing dysfunction.

Functional Anatomy of Intensity Aspects of Attention

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Sturm
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Fmri Data ◽  
Functional Networks ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Stimulus Modality ◽  
Spatial Orienting ◽  
Phasic Alertness ◽  
Co Activation ◽  
Attention System

Abstract: Behavioral and PET/fMRI-data are presented to delineate the functional networks subserving alertness, sustained attention, and vigilance as different aspects of attention intensity. The data suggest that a mostly right-hemisphere frontal, parietal, thalamic, and brainstem network plays an important role in the regulation of attention intensity, irrespective of stimulus modality. Under conditions of phasic alertness there is less right frontal activation reflecting a diminished need for top-down regulation with phasic extrinsic stimulation. Furthermore, a high overlap between the functional networks for alerting and spatial orienting of attention is demonstrated. These findings support the hypothesis of a co-activation of the posterior attention system involved in spatial orienting by the anterior alerting network. Possible implications of these findings for the therapy of neglect are proposed.

What Is Left Is Right

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Hugdahl ◽  
René Westerhausen
Keyword(s):  
Speech Processing ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Hemispheric Asymmetry ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Functional Asymmetry ◽  
Planum Temporale ◽  
Evolution Of Speech

The present paper is based on a talk on hemispheric asymmetry given by Kenneth Hugdahl at the Xth European Congress of Psychology, Praha July 2007. Here, we propose that hemispheric asymmetry evolved because of a left hemisphere speech processing specialization. The evolution of speech and the need for air-based communication necessitated division of labor between the hemispheres in order to avoid having duplicate copies in both hemispheres that would increase processing redundancy. It is argued that the neuronal basis of this labor division is the structural asymmetry observed in the peri-Sylvian region in the posterior part of the temporal lobe, with a left larger than right planum temporale area. This is the only example where a structural, or anatomical, asymmetry matches a corresponding functional asymmetry. The increase in gray matter volume in the left planum temporale area corresponds to a functional asymmetry of speech processing, as indexed from both behavioral, dichotic listening, and functional neuroimaging studies. The functional anatomy of the corpus callosum also supports such a view, with regional specificity of information transfer between the hemispheres.

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