scholarly journals Repeatable approaches to work with scientific uncertainty and advance climate change adaptation in US national parks

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Runyon ◽  
A. R. Carlson ◽  
J. Gross ◽  
D. J. Lawrence ◽  
G. W. Schuurman
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Scientific Uncertainty ◽  
Us National Parks

scholarly journals Climate change and hydrological risk in the Pacific: a Humanitarian Engineering perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Johnson ◽  
Philippa Higgins ◽  
Clare Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Scientific Uncertainty ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Humanitarian Engineering ◽  
Convergence Zones

Abstract Pacific Island communities have adapted to floods, droughts and cyclones over many generations. Small and low-lying islands are particularly exposed to natural disasters, and many countries have limited access to water resources. Anthropogenic climate change is expected to further increase these environmental pressures. Any associated engineering response needs to consider the cultural, societal and historical context, and prioritise the agency of local communities to determine their preferred outcomes. It follows that Humanitarian Engineering, a discipline centred around strengths-based and context-appropriate solutions, has an important role to play in climate change adaptation. In this review, the interplay between hydroclimatology, geography and water security in the Pacific Islands is described and projected climate shifts summarised to highlight future adaptation challenges. A key source of uncertainty relates to the dynamics of two convergence zones that largely drive weather patterns. A broad overview of societal factors that present challenges and opportunities for Humanitarian Engineers is given. Finally, actions are recommended to inform climate change adaptation given the scientific uncertainty around hydrologic risks, and outline lessons for best practice Humanitarian Engineering in the Pacific. Enhancing data sharing, building resilience to climate variability and integrating traditional knowledge with convention engineering methods should be key areas of focus.

scholarly journals Towards a climate change adaptation strategy for national parks: Adaptive management pathways under dynamic risk

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 206-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent Jacobs ◽  
Louise Boronyak ◽  
Polly Mitchell ◽  
Miriam Vandenberg ◽  
Bronwyn Batten
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Adaptive Management ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Dynamic Risk

Toward Assessing the Vulnerability of US National Parks to Land Use and Climate Change

2016 ◽  
pp. 151-168
Author(s):  
A. Hansen ◽  
C. Davis ◽  
J. Haas ◽  
N. Piekielek
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Us National Parks

Mountain freshwater ecosystems and protected areas in the tropical Andes: insights and gaps for climate change adaptation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Estefania Quenta-Herrera ◽  
Verónica Crespo-Pérez ◽  
Bryan G Mark ◽  
Ana Lía Gonzales ◽  
Aino Kulonen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Tropical Andes ◽  
Stream Length ◽  
Freshwater Conservation

Summary Although protected areas (PAs) play an important role in ecosystem conservation and climate change adaptation, no systematic information is available on PA protection of high-elevation freshwater ecosystems (e.g., lakes and watersheds with glaciers), their biodiversity and their ecosystem services in the tropical Andes. We therefore combined a literature review and map analysis of PAs of International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and national systems of PAs and freshwater ecosystems. We found that seven national parks were created for water resources protection but were not designed for freshwater conservation (i.e., larger watersheds). High-value biodiversity sites have not been protected, and new local PAs were created due to water resource needs. We quantified 31 Ramsar sites and observed that PAs cover 12% of lakes, 31% of glacial lakes and 12% of the total stream length in the tropical Andes. Additionally, 120 watersheds (average area 631 km2) with glaciers and 40% of the total glacier surface area were covered by PAs. Future research into the role of PAs in ecosystem services provision and more detailed freshwater inventories within and around PAs, especially for those dependent on glacier runoff, will fill key knowledge gaps for freshwater conservation and climate change adaptation in the tropical Andes.

Mountain freshwater ecosystems and protected areas in the tropical Andes: insights and gaps for climate change adaptation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estefania Quenta ◽  
Verónica Crespo-Pérez ◽  
Bryan Mark ◽  
Ana Lía Gonzales ◽  
Aino Kulonen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Tropical Andes ◽  
Stream Length ◽  
Freshwater Conservation

<p>Protected areas play an important role in ecosystem conservation and climate change adaptation. However, no systematic information is available on the protection of high elevation freshwater ecosystems (e.g.  lakes, glacierized catchments and streams), their biodiversity and ecosystem services. Here we addressed this issue by reviewing literature and analyzing maps of protected areas and freshwater ecosystems in the tropical Andes. Overall, our revision and inventory indicate: <strong>1)</strong> seven national parks were created with the objective of water resources protection, but they were not designed for freshwater conservation (i.e., larger watersheds), and mainly protect small ecosystems. Furthermore, the creation of new local protected areas was needed for water resources conservation; <strong>2)</strong> we quantified 12% and 31% of lakes and glacial lakes are protected, respectively. Around 12% of the total stream length is protected. First-order streams predominate in the study area, of which 14% are protected. Furthermore, 29% of glacierized catchments (average surface of 677 km<sup>2</sup>)<sup></sup>are protected, and 46% of the total glacier area is protected. We quantified 31 Ramsar sites; <strong>3) </strong>high-value biodiversity sites have not been protected, and ecosystems services information is limited. This review highlights the need for future research to fill knowledge gaps for effective freshwater conservation actions.</p>

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