scholarly journals CONSERVATIONAL ARCHITECTURE EVALUATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEM BASED ON LONG-TERM ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING DATA – TAKING GUANGYUAN QIANFOYA CLIFF INSCRIPTIONS CONSERVATIONAL ARCHITECTURE ASSESSMENT AS AN EXAMPLE

2021 ◽  
Vol XLVI-M-1-2021 ◽  
pp. 941-949
Author(s):  
R. Zhang ◽  
Q. Wang ◽  
Z. Chen ◽  
C. An
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Parameter System ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Architecture Evaluation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Structure ◽  
Environmental Monitoring Data

Abstract. The environmental monitoring data of Qianfoya Cliff Inscriptions in Guangyuan, Sichuan Province accumulated since 2014 make it possible to analyze the environmental monitoring data in and out of the Experimental Structure of the Conservational Architecture of Qianfoya Cliff Inscriptions which was built in 2016. By comparing the long long-term environmental pattern and differences between the internal and external part of the section, the results indicate that the Conservational Architecture effectively decrease the frequency of short-term sever winds, strong sunshine and extreme high and low temperatures, reduces the short short-term temperature and humidity variation range, which creates a stable microenvironment conducive to the preservation of statues without changing the long long-term environmental transformation pattern. Moreover, a parameter system for evaluating the conservational architecture, which directly related to environmental damage factors and meets the requirement of measurability and controllability, has been established and control threshold of microenvironment adjustment, which divides abnormal environment state in three levels (caution states, Pre-warning states, Warning states), has been chosen so as to quantitatively evaluate the protection effect of the experimental structure and provide data guidance for daily protection work and environmental control. Based on this parameter system and control thresholds , the total duration of warning states in Qianfoya experimental structure can be reduced by 30% compared with that outside the experimental structure , which further proves that the experimental structure plays a significant role in alleviating the main natural deterioration factors in Qianfoya cliff.

The philosophy of monitoring

1979 ◽  
Vol 290 (1376) ◽  
pp. 609-623 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Statistical Sampling ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Different Types ◽  
And Control

The paper is concerned with the efficient design of monitoring studies on a logical basis to meet stated objectives. A series of questions are posed: why monitor, what to monitor, where to monitor, when to monitor and how to monitor? Three broad categories of monitoring can be discerned: observation, explanation and control. The first tends to be orientated towards the receptor of pollution and the last is generally the most source-orientated. The paper discusses the requirements of different types of study. It emphasizes the desirability of monitoring the specific polluting agent having a particular effect but recognizes that sometimes a surrogate may have to be accepted. When one should measure depends on the nature of the effect produced by the pollutant in question, e.g. acute effects related to short-term peaks or cumulative effects related to long-term mean exposure. Statistical sampling should be considered but may be incompatible with some basic objectives. The siting of measuring stations is considered from the global to the local scale of monitoring and the relative attractions of mobile and stationary measuring stations are discussed. The problems of measurement of gases and particles are compared and a check list is put forward for use in selecting monitoring methods or instruments. Methods of presenting and interpreting monitoring data are briefly discussed. Modelling of the physical dispersion of emissions is recognized as crucial to the use of monitoring data in air quality control. Much more difficult is the interpretation of biological effects with respect to pollutant exposure and concern is expressed about the tendency to attribute cause and effect relations on the basis of correlation analysis. Monitoring is not to be confused with mindless measurement.

scholarly journals EcoRacer: Game-Based Optimal Electric Vehicle Design and Driver Control Using Human Players

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Ren ◽  
Alparslan Emrah Bayrak ◽  
Panos Y. Papalambros
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Solution Space ◽  
Efficient Global Optimization ◽  
Vehicle Design ◽  
Control Problems ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Algorithm Efficiency ◽  
Np Complete ◽  
And Control

We compare the performance of human players against that of the efficient global optimization (EGO) algorithm for an NP-complete powertrain design and control problem. Specifically, we cast this optimization problem as an online competition and received 2391 game plays by 124 anonymous players during the first month from launch. We found that while only a small portion of human players can outperform the algorithm in the long term, players tend to formulate good heuristics early on that can be used to constrain the solution space. Such constraining of the search enhances algorithm efficiency, even for different game settings. These findings indicate that human-assisted computational searches are promising in solving comprehensible yet computationally hard optimal design and control problems, when human players can outperform the algorithm in a short term.

scholarly journals Illegal markets, human trade and transnational organised crime

Temida ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Nikolic-Ristanovic
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Organised Crime ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Illegal Markets ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Human Trade ◽  
And Control

In this paper the author explores, focusing largely on the example of the Balkans, the connection between the expansion of neoliberal market economy and war, and related to it the growth of illegal markets and the shadow economy, on one hand, and the victimisation by human trafficking, on the other. By locating human trade within expanding local and global illegal markets, the author is arguing that, without taking into consideration wider social contexts, which create structural incentives for illegal markets and transnational organised crime, we can hardly understand the causes, let alone build effective strategies to combat and prevent it. Consequently, on the basis of the analyses of human trade as a form of both transnational organised crime and illegal markets, some strategies (short-term and long-term) for the prevention and control of human trafficking on both the micro and macro level are suggested.

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