An environmental monitoring data sharing scheme based on attribute encryption in cloud-fog computing

Environmental monitoring plays a vital role in environmental protection, especially for the management and conservation of natural resources. However, environmental monitoring data is usually difficult to resist malicious attacks because it is transmitted in an open and insecure channel. In our paper, a new data sharing scheme is proposed by using attribute-based encryption, identity-based signature and cloud computing technology to meet the requirements of confidentiality, integrity, verifiability, and unforgerability of environmental monitoring data. The monitoring equipment encrypts the monitored environmental data and uploads it to the environmental cloud server. Then, monitoring users can request access to the environmental cloud server. If the monitoring user meets the access policy, the plaintext is finally obtained through the fog node decryption. Our proposal mainly uses attribute-based encryption technology to realize the privacy protection and fine-grained access control of monitoring data. The integrity and unforgeability of the monitoring data are ensured by the digital signature. In addition, outsourcing computing technology saves the computing overhead of monitoring equipment and monitoring users. The security analysis illustrates that our proposal can achieve security purposes. Finally, the performance of our proposal and related schemes is evaluated from the aspects of communication overhead and computing overhead. The results indicate that our proposal is secure and efficient in environmental monitoring.

Modeling of environmental monitoring data processing in a cloud infrastructure

A model of a cloud-based system for processing environmental monitoring data is proposed. The model takes into account the multi-tier web applications and the heterogeneity of the input flow of applications. As a characteristic of the efficiency of the data processing system, an additive criterion is chosen that takes into account the volume of processed requests and the load on the resources of the cloud infrastructure. The approach under consideration will allow creating a basis for modeling the processes occurring in natural-technical systems (NTS), analyze data processing processes during monitoring of key performance indicators of NТS and ensure that these indicators meet the requirements specified in SLA agreements through the use of alternative data processing strategies.

CONSERVATIONAL ARCHITECTURE EVALUATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEM BASED ON LONG-TERM ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING DATA – TAKING GUANGYUAN QIANFOYA CLIFF INSCRIPTIONS CONSERVATIONAL ARCHITECTURE ASSESSMENT AS AN EXAMPLE

The environmental monitoring data of Qianfoya Cliff Inscriptions in Guangyuan, Sichuan Province accumulated since 2014 make it possible to analyze the environmental monitoring data in and out of the Experimental Structure of the Conservational Architecture of Qianfoya Cliff Inscriptions which was built in 2016. By comparing the long long-term environmental pattern and differences between the internal and external part of the section, the results indicate that the Conservational Architecture effectively decrease the frequency of short-term sever winds, strong sunshine and extreme high and low temperatures, reduces the short short-term temperature and humidity variation range, which creates a stable microenvironment conducive to the preservation of statues without changing the long long-term environmental transformation pattern. Moreover, a parameter system for evaluating the conservational architecture, which directly related to environmental damage factors and meets the requirement of measurability and controllability, has been established and control threshold of microenvironment adjustment, which divides abnormal environment state in three levels (caution states, Pre-warning states, Warning states), has been chosen so as to quantitatively evaluate the protection effect of the experimental structure and provide data guidance for daily protection work and environmental control. Based on this parameter system and control thresholds , the total duration of warning states in Qianfoya experimental structure can be reduced by 30% compared with that outside the experimental structure , which further proves that the experimental structure plays a significant role in alleviating the main natural deterioration factors in Qianfoya cliff.

Monitoring of radionuclides in water for human consumption in the county of Angra dos Reis

The radiological impact for members of the population living in Angra dos Reis- RJ was assessed using environmental monitoring data from radium, lead, uranium, thorium and cesium in water for human consumption. For this, were collected and analyzed by radiometry (134Cs and 137Cs), radiochemical (226Ra, 228Ra and 210Pb) and mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (238U and 232Th). From the results, it was observed that the concentrations found were lower than the values established by CONAMA, WHO and the Ministry of Health. It was concluded that the presence of these radionuclides in the collected waters is natural and with levels that are not harmful to health.

Automated System for Monitoring Pollutant Emissions at the Sources of Industrial Enterprises

An automated system for monitoring emissions of pollutants at the sources of industrial enterprises is presented, capable of performing the functions of continuous monitoring in real time of the composition and volumes of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere from stationary sources of pollution of industrial enterprises. The system is able to predict the possible onset of unfavorable environmental situations in residential areas adjacent to polluting enterprises and transmit the values of the volumes and composition of emitted pollutants to the State Fund for State Environmental Monitoring Data.

Evaluation of indicators for cyanobacterial risk in 108 temperate lakes using 23 years of environmental monitoring data

Background Cyanobacterial blooms are of increasing concern for drinking water supply. In Sweden, a survey among drinking water producers showed that the sense of urgency was little. At 60% of the Swedish drinking water treatment plants, operators lacked monitoring strategies. To get a picture of the size of the problem the presence of cyanobacterial risk in 108 Swedish lakes was evaluated from 23 years of environmental monitoring data. The drivers and indicators for cyanobacterial growth were investigated by analyzing water quality in 9 lakes that have more frequent cyanobacteria bio-volume above the WHO drinking water alert level 1: 0.2 mm3L−1. Results The study shows that the most common species in those lakes are Anabaena/Dolichospermum and Aphanizomenon followed by Microcystis, Woronichinia and Planktothrix, which can produce a variety of toxins such as anatoxins, cylindrospermopsins, microcystins and saxitoxins, supported by literature study. Our results show that cyanobacterial risk in those problematic 9 lakes are mainly nutrients driven with possibly contribution of increased organic matter. By applying non-linear quantile regression with total phosphorus (TP) as an example, we demonstrated that certain drivers such as TP can be useful for cyanobacterial risk assessment and provide control measures by setting nutrients targets. We also evidenced that cyanobacterial peaks presented at low TN:TP ratio while not necessarily vice versa. We also further evaluated that chlorophyll-a and transparency might be suitable as indicators for cyanobacterial blooms in certain lakes, while for most of the lakes, their connection is low. Conclusion Nutrients are main drivers for higher cyanobacterial occurrence in the 9 lakes. We suggest TP concentrations should be investigated thoroughly to provide important knowledge which can be used to set nutrient targets to sustain safe drinking water supply and recreational services. The complexity of indicating cyanobacterial risk in a local condition was also highlighted in this study and future study is suggested. To classify different types of lake and identify their drivers and the similarities of species composition changes in those lakes will be future studied.