scholarly journals Towards Understanding the Task Dependency of Embodied Language Processing: The Influence of Colour During Language-Vision Interactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Falk Huettig ◽  
Ernesto Guerra ◽  
Andrea Helo
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Embodied Language ◽  
Task Dependency

Location, Timing, and Magnitude of Embodied Language Processing: Methods and Results

2021 ◽  
pp. 245-263
Author(s):  
Claudia Gianelli ◽  
Katharina Kühne
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Embodied Language

scholarly journals The motor cortex wants the full story: The influence of sentence context on corticospinal excitability in action language processing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Dupont ◽  
F Lebon ◽  
C Papaxanthis ◽  
C Madden-Lombardi
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Sentence Context ◽  
Corticospinal Excitability ◽  
General Increase ◽  
Embodied Language ◽  
Action Language ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Motor Representations ◽  
Action Verbs

According to the embodied language framework, reading action verbs leads to a mental representation involving motor cortex activation. As sentence context has been shown to greatly influence the meaning of words, the present study aimed at better understanding its role in motor representations. We manipulated the presence of manual actions and sentence context. We hypothesized that context would serve to focus the representation of the described actions in the motor cortex, reflected in context-specific modulation of corticospinal excitability.Participants read manual action verbs and non-manual verbs, preceded by a full sentence (rich context) or not (minimal context). We assessed the level of corticospinal excitability by means of transcranial magnetic stimulation pulses delivered at rest or shortly after verb presentation. The coil was positioned over the cortical representation of right first dorsal interosseous (pointer finger).We observed a general increase of corticospinal excitability while reading both verb types in minimal context, whereas the modulation was action-specific in rich context: corticospinal excitability increased while reading manual verbs, but did not differ from baseline for non-manual verbs. These findings suggest that the context sharpens motor representations, activating the motor cortex when relevant and eliminating any residual motor activation when no action is present.

Syntactic Constraints on Embodied Language Processing

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Vandeberg ◽  
Rolf A. Zwaan
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Embodied Language ◽  
Syntactic Constraints

Embodied Language Processing

2014 ◽  
pp. 497-513
Author(s):  
Ben Goertzel ◽  
Cassio Pennachin ◽  
Nil Geisweiller
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Embodied Language

scholarly journals Flexibility in Embodied Language Processing: Context Effects in Lexical Access

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wessel O. van Dam ◽  
Inti A. Brazil ◽  
Harold Bekkering ◽  
Shirley-Ann Rueschemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Access ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Context Effects ◽  
Embodied Language

scholarly journals Investigation of Embodied Language Processing on Command-Swallow Performance in Healthy Participants

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Atsuko Kurosu ◽  
Sheila R. Pratt ◽  
Catherine Palmer ◽  
Susan Shaiman
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Verbal Command ◽  
Embodied Language ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Nonverbal Stimulus ◽  
Liquid Bolus ◽  
Suprahyoid Muscle

Purpose During videofluoroscopic examination of swallowing, patients commonly are instructed to hold a bolus in their mouth until they hear a verbal instruction to swallow, which usually consists of the word swallow and is commonly referred to as the command swallow condition. The language-induced motor facilitation theory suggests that linguistic processes associated with the verbal command to swallow should facilitate the voluntary component of swallowing. As such, the purpose of the study was to examine the linguistic influences of the verbal command on swallowing. Method Twenty healthy young adult participants held a 5-ml liquid bolus in their mouth and swallowed the bolus after hearing one of five acoustic stimuli presented randomly: congruent action word ( swallow ), incongruent action word ( cough ), congruent pseudoword ( spallow ), incongruent pseudoword ( pough ), and nonverbal stimulus (1000-Hz pure tone). Suprahyoid muscle activity during swallowing was measured via surface electromyography (sEMG). Results The onset and peak sEMG latencies following the congruent action word swallow were shorter than latencies following the pure tone and pseudowords but were not different from the incongruent action word. The lack of difference between swallow and cough did not negate the positive impact of real words on timing. In contrast to expectations, sEMG activity duration and rise time were longer following the word swallow than the pure tone and pseudowords but were not different from cough . No differences were observed for peak suprahyoid muscle activity amplitude and fall times. Conclusions Language facilitation was observed in swallowing. The clinical utility of the information obtained in the study may depend on the purposes for using the command swallow and the type of patient being assessed. However, linguistic processing under the command swallow condition may alter swallow behaviors and suggests that linguistic inducement could be useful as a compensatory technique for patients with difficulty initiating oropharyngeal swallows.

“Embodied” language processing: Mental motor imagery aptitude predicts word-definition skill for high but not for low imageable words in adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 105628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoé Cayol ◽  
Coralie Rotival ◽  
Yves Paulignan ◽  
Tatjana A. Nazir
Keyword(s):  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Embodied Language ◽  
Word Definition

Effects of Intentional Motor Actions on Embodied Language Processing

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley-Ann Rueschemeyer ◽  
Oliver Lindemann ◽  
Daan van Rooij ◽  
Wessel van Dam ◽  
Harold Bekkering
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Motor Priming ◽  
Embodied Language ◽  
Intentional Actions ◽  
Semantic Component ◽  
Motor Actions

Embodied theories of language processing suggest that this motor simulation is an automatic and necessary component of meaning representation. If this is the case, then language and action systems should be mutually dependent (i.e., motor activity should selectively modulate processing of words with an action-semantic component). In this paper, we investigate in two experiments whether evidence for mutual dependence can be found using a motor priming paradigm. Specifically, participants performed either an intentional or a passive motor task while processing words denoting manipulable and nonmanipulable objects. The performance rates (Experiment 1) and response latencies (Experiment 2) in a lexical-decision task reveal that participants performing an intentional action were positively affected in the processing of words denoting manipulable objects as compared to nonmanipulable objects. This was not the case if participants performed a secondary passive motor action (Experiment 1) or did not perform a secondary motor task (Experiment 2). The results go beyond previous research showing that language processes involve motor systems to demonstrate that the execution of motor actions has a selective effect on the semantic processing of words. We suggest that intentional actions activate specific parts of the neural motor system, which are also engaged for lexical-semantic processing of action-related words and discuss the beneficial versus inhibitory nature of this relationship. The results provide new insights into the embodiment of language and the bidirectionality of effects between language and action processing.

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