scholarly journals Flexibility in Embodied Language Processing: Context Effects in Lexical Access

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wessel O. van Dam ◽  
Inti A. Brazil ◽  
Harold Bekkering ◽  
Shirley-Ann Rueschemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Access ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Context Effects ◽  
Embodied Language

Context Effects in Bilingual Language Processing

2022 ◽  
pp. 1026-1048
Author(s):  
Sugandha Kaur ◽  
Bidisha Som
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Access ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Picture Naming ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Context Effects ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Context Word ◽  
Visual Context ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Way

Previous studies show that the presence of a context word in picture naming either facilitates or interferes with the naming. Although there has been extensive research in this area, there are many conflicting findings, making it difficult to reach firm conclusions. This chapter aims to delve into the dynamics of such processing and understand the nuances involved in experimental manipulations that may influence the pattern of results and be responsible for differences in outcomes. The series of experiments reported in this chapter was aimed at refining our understanding of mechanisms in the way bilinguals process language production by examining two different paradigms—primed picture naming and picture-word interference. This was investigated by manipulating both the type of visual context words presented with the picture and the time interval between the presentation of context word and picture. The results are interpreted within the context of current models of lexical access.

Context Effects in Bilingual Language Processing

2018 ◽  
pp. 140-168
Author(s):  
Sugandha Kaur ◽  
Bidisha Som
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Access ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Picture Naming ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Context Effects ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Context Word ◽  
Visual Context ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Way

Previous studies show that the presence of a context word in picture naming either facilitates or interferes with the naming. Although there has been extensive research in this area, there are many conflicting findings, making it difficult to reach firm conclusions. This chapter aims to delve into the dynamics of such processing and understand the nuances involved in experimental manipulations that may influence the pattern of results and be responsible for differences in outcomes. The series of experiments reported in this chapter was aimed at refining our understanding of mechanisms in the way bilinguals process language production by examining two different paradigms—primed picture naming and picture-word interference. This was investigated by manipulating both the type of visual context words presented with the picture and the time interval between the presentation of context word and picture. The results are interpreted within the context of current models of lexical access.

scholarly journals Neurocognitive mechanisms for processing inflectional and derivational complexity in English

Psihologija ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Bozic ◽  
William Marslen-Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Access ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Morphological Complexity ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Complex Words ◽  
Whole Word ◽  
Processing Network

In the current paper we discuss the mechanisms that underlie the processing of inflectional and derivational complexity in English. We address this issue from a neurocognitive perspective and present evidence from a new fMRI study that the two types of morphological complexity engage the language processing network in different ways. The processing of inflectional complexity selectively activates a left-lateralised frontotemporal system, specialised for combinatorial grammatical computations, while derivational complexity primarily engages a distributed bilateral system, argued to support whole-word, stem based lexical access. We discuss the implications of our findings for theories of the processing and representation of morphologically complex words.

scholarly journals Circadian rhythms and second language performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
Kees De Bot ◽  
Fang Fang
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Lexical Access ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Language Performance ◽  
Intraindividual Variation ◽  
The Hours ◽  
L1 And L2 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second Language Performance

Human behavior is not constant over the hours of the day, and there are considerable individual differences. Some people raise early and go to bed early and have their peek performance early in the day (“larks”) while others tend to go to bed late and get up late and have their best performance later in the day (“owls”). In this contribution we report on three projects on the role of chronotype (CT) in language processing and learning. The first study (de Bot, 2013) reports on the impact of CT on language learning aptitude and word learning. The second project was reported in Fang (2015) and looks at CT and executive functions, in particular inhibition as measured by variants of the Stroop test. The third project aimed at assessing lexical access in L1 and L2 at preferred and non-preferred times of the day. The data suggest that there are effects of CT on language learning and processing. There is a small effect of CT on language aptitude and a stronger effect of CT on lexical access in the first and second language. The lack of significance for other tasks is mainly caused by the large interindividual and intraindividual variation.

Location, Timing, and Magnitude of Embodied Language Processing: Methods and Results

2021 ◽  
pp. 245-263
Author(s):  
Claudia Gianelli ◽  
Katharina Kühne
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Embodied Language

Single-word shadowing and the study of lexical access

1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Liu ◽  
Elizabeth Bates ◽  
Tracy Powell ◽  
Beverly Wulfeck
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Lexical Access ◽  
Context Effects ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Secondary Tasks ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Age Range

ABSTRACTA new procedure called single-word shadowing was applied to the study of lexical access in context. Subjects listened to word pairs or sentences recorded in one voice and were asked to repeat the target word signaled by a voice shift. This technique yielded rapid and robust priming effects in normal adult subjects in word pairs and in a sentence context. Regression analyses showed that the semantic priming effects were large and significant, even when several additional factors believed to affect lexical access were controlled. Evidence was found for robust semantic priming in the healthy elderly and in children from 7 to 11 years of age, and there was also evidence for a change in the size and nature of context effects across the lifespan. Because single-word shadowing works across a broad age range and does not require reading, secondary tasks, or metalinguistic judgments, it is a promising tool for the study of lexical access in a range of different populations.

scholarly journals The motor cortex wants the full story: The influence of sentence context on corticospinal excitability in action language processing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Dupont ◽  
F Lebon ◽  
C Papaxanthis ◽  
C Madden-Lombardi
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Sentence Context ◽  
Corticospinal Excitability ◽  
General Increase ◽  
Embodied Language ◽  
Action Language ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Motor Representations ◽  
Action Verbs

According to the embodied language framework, reading action verbs leads to a mental representation involving motor cortex activation. As sentence context has been shown to greatly influence the meaning of words, the present study aimed at better understanding its role in motor representations. We manipulated the presence of manual actions and sentence context. We hypothesized that context would serve to focus the representation of the described actions in the motor cortex, reflected in context-specific modulation of corticospinal excitability.Participants read manual action verbs and non-manual verbs, preceded by a full sentence (rich context) or not (minimal context). We assessed the level of corticospinal excitability by means of transcranial magnetic stimulation pulses delivered at rest or shortly after verb presentation. The coil was positioned over the cortical representation of right first dorsal interosseous (pointer finger).We observed a general increase of corticospinal excitability while reading both verb types in minimal context, whereas the modulation was action-specific in rich context: corticospinal excitability increased while reading manual verbs, but did not differ from baseline for non-manual verbs. These findings suggest that the context sharpens motor representations, activating the motor cortex when relevant and eliminating any residual motor activation when no action is present.

Event-related brain potential (ERP) studies of sentence processing

2007 ◽  
pp. 384-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Kutas ◽  
Kara D. Federmeier
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Context Effects ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Ion Flow ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Brain Processing ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Processing Language

The intact human brain is the only known system that can interpret and respond to various visual and acoustic patterns. Therefore, unlike researchers of other cognitive phenomena, (neuro)psycholinguists cannot avail themselves of invasive techniques in non-human animals to uncover the responsible mechanisms in the large parts of the (human) brain that have been implicated in language processing. Engagement of these different anatomical areas does, however, generate distinct patterns of biological activity (such as ion flow across neural membranes) that can be recorded inside and outside the heads of humans as they quickly, often seamlessly, and without much conscious reflection on the computations and linguistic regularities involved, understand spoken, written, or signed sentences. This article summarizes studies of event-related brain potentials and sentence processing. It discusses electrophysiology, language and the brain, processing language meaning, context effects in meaning processing, non-literal language processing, processing language form, parsing, slow potentials and the closure positive shift, and plasticity and learning.

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