Most contrast-enhanced scanning protocols of the thorax are designed to provide optimal visualization of the lungs, pulmonary arteries, heart, or aorta and its branches. Nevertheless, the systemic venous system is routinely imaged during CT examinations, but is often regarded as of secondary importance to the main indication for the scan. However, there are many clinical situations where the visualization of the systemic veins is of prime interest. These include assessment of SVC obstruction, IVC involvement, potential access routes for central venous line wire placement, and pre-operative assessment.
Malpositioned central venous line in the vertebral vessel
