scholarly journals De Mach ao ‘novo experimentalismo’

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-234
Author(s):  
Anabel Cardoso Raicik ◽  
Luiz O.Q. Peduzzi
Keyword(s):  
Albert Einstein ◽  
Thomas Kuhn ◽  
Ernst Mach

Experimentos de pensamento vêm sendo amplamente utilizados na história da ciência desde a Antiguidade. Contudo, somente por volta do século XIX eles passam a ser discutidos teoricamente, em termos de suas características e funcionalidades. Este artigo resgata estudos do físico e filósofo Ernst Mach, que acendem definitivamente as luzes sobre o potencial desses notáveis experimentos, considerações de Thomas Kuhn acerca desse conceito e a discussão do assunto a partir da menção a teses que surgem com o “novo experimentalismo”. Através de um exemplo desenvolvido por Albert Einstein em sua obra A teoria da relatividade especial e geral, reflete-se sobre essa temática e suas potencialidades para o ensino das ciências naturais, da física em particular.

Planck, Max Karl Ernst Ludwig (1858–1947)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Howard
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Vienna Circle ◽  
Albert Einstein ◽  
Quantum Hypothesis ◽  
Ernst Mach ◽  
Physics Community ◽  
Theoretical Physicist ◽  
Realist Conception

Planck was a German theoretical physicist and leader of the German physics community in the first half of the twentieth century. Famous for his introduction of the quantum hypothesis in physics, Planck was also a prolific writer on popular-scientific and philosophical topics. Even more so than his younger contemporary Albert Einstein, Planck was well-known in his day for his defence of a realist conception of science and his explicit criticism of the positivism of Ernst Mach and the Vienna Circle.

Albert Einstein on Writing

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis E. Minor
Keyword(s):  
Albert Einstein ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
Mental Images ◽  
Great Scientist ◽  
Ernst Mach ◽  
Moving Bodies ◽  
Free Variation

While a great scientist such as Albert Einstein may seem to work in another dimension of thought, Einstein struggled with converting that thought into words. He found a “model for scientific historical writing” in the work of Ernst Mach, an Austrian physicist. Mach's model, as modified by Einstein, takes the reader through the writer's thought processes—discovery of an anomaly, free variation of mental images, finding the invariant in those images, and the communication in words of the new concept. Einstein followed this model in his famous 1905 relativity paper, On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies [1].

Working with Instruments: Ernst Mach as Material Epistemologist, a Short Introduction

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-433
Author(s):  
Christoph Hoffmann ◽  
Alexandre Métraux
Keyword(s):  
Albert Einstein ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Great Loss ◽  
Ernst Mach

With the death of Ernst Mach on February 19, 1916, one day after his seventy-eighth birthday, a question finally became explicit that had been looming for some time. It was as simple as it was fundamental: who, in the end, was this man, a scientist or a philosopher? The importance of this question for contemporaries can easily be gleaned from the obituaries that appeared in the weeks following Mach's death: one in the Physikalische Zeitschrift, written by Albert Einstein, and another in the Archiv für die Geschichte der Philosophie, written by Mach's former student Heinrich Gomperz. They both addressed this critical issue in plain words. Einstein stressed that Mach “was not a philosopher who chose the natural sciences as the object of his speculation, but a many-sided, interested, diligent scientist who also took visible pleasure in detailed questions outside the burning issues of general interest” (Einstein 1916, 104; translation cited in Blackmore 1992, 158). Gomperz in turn first emphasized the great loss science had experienced with Mach's death, asking subsequently whether “the suffering science is physics or philosophy?” (Gomperz 1916, 321). His answer broadly followed Einstein's conclusion; relying on Mach's own words, he reminded his readers that Mach never claimed to be a philosopher, but merely was looking for a viewpoint that transcended the disciplinary constraints of particular scientific activities.

scholarly journals A física na visão de Ernst Mach: De uma crítica a Newton às teorias gravitacionais

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.B. de Gracia
Keyword(s):  
Albert Einstein ◽  
Ernst Mach

Resumo O presente trabalho possui como objetivo introduzir conceitos chave da filosofia da ciência do físico austríaco Ernst Mach, assim como analisar a sua influência sobre teorias gravitacionais. Para tal, mostraremos que ela culmina numa crítica à ideia de espaço absoluto de Newton. Essa crítica teve considerável influência sobre Albert Einstein, entusiasta da filosofia de Mach, e o motivou a construir uma teoria que englobasse boa parte dos seus conceitos. Finalmente, analisaremos dois dos trabalhos originais de Einstein a fim de analisar a compatibilidade entre sua teoria gravitacional e as ideias de E.Mach. Assim, também comentaremos a respeito de uma generalização de sua teoria que visava incorporar toda a epistemologia Machiana.

Aneurysms in the history of medicine

VASA ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bollinger ◽  
Rüttimann
Keyword(s):  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Albert Einstein ◽  
Thomas Mann ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
John Hunter ◽  
History Of

Die Geschichte des sackförmigen oder fusiformen Aneurysmas reicht in die Zeit der alten Ägypter, Byzantiner und Griechen zurück. Vesal 1557 und Harvey 1628 führten den Begriff in die moderne Medizin ein, indem sie bei je einem Patienten einen pulsierenden Tumor intra vitam feststellten und post mortem verifizierten. Weitere Eckpfeiler bildeten die Monographien von Lancisi und Scarpa im 18. bzw. beginnenden 19. Jahrhundert. Die erste wirksame Therapie bestand in der Kompression des Aneurysmasacks von außen, die zweite in der Arterienligatur, der John Hunter 1785 zum Durchbruch verhalf. Endoaneurysmoraphie (Matas) und Umhüllung mit Folien wurden breit angewendet, bevor Ultraschalldiagnostik und Bypass-Chirurgie Routineverfahren wurden und die Prognose dramatisch verbesserten. Die diagnostischen und therapeutischen Probleme in der Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts werden anhand von zwei prominenten Patienten dargestellt, Albert Einstein und Thomas Mann, die beide im Jahr 1955 an einer Aneurysmaruptur verstarben.

Bauchaortenaneurysma – Diagnostik und interventionell-radiologische Therapie

Radiopraxis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. E74-E92
Author(s):  
Susanne Anton ◽  
Erik Stahlberg ◽  
Jan Peter Goltz
Keyword(s):  
Chirurgische Therapie ◽  
Albert Einstein ◽  
Charles De Gaulle ◽  
Endovaskuläre Aortenreparatur ◽  
Aorta Abdominalis ◽  
De Gaulle

Das Bauchaortenaneurysma (BAA) als eine fokale Erweiterung aller Wandschichten der Aorta abdominalis ist ein komplexes und lebensbedrohliches Krankheitsbild – Albert Einstein und Charles de Gaulle sind an einer Ruptur verblutet. Eine endovaskuläre Aortenreparatur (EVAR) oder offen-chirurgische Therapie haben das Ziel, das Rupturrisiko niedrig zu halten bzw. zu eliminieren und die Lebenserwartung des Patienten zu verbessern.

Thomas Reid on the Improvement of Knowledge

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-139
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Shrock
Keyword(s):  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Francis Bacon ◽  
Thomas Kuhn ◽  
Traditional Religion ◽  
Scottish Enlightenment ◽  
Thomas Reid ◽  
Isaac Newton ◽  
Religion And Ethics ◽  
Compare And Contrast

Thomas Reid often seems distant from other Scottish Enlightenment figures. While Hume, Hutcheson, Kames, and Smith wrestled with the nature of social progress, Reid was busy with natural philosophy and epistemology, stubbornly loyal to traditional religion and ethics, and out of touch with the heart of his own intellectual world. Or was he? I contend that Reid not only engaged the Scottish Enlightenment's concern for improvement, but, as a leading interpreter of Isaac Newton and Francis Bacon, he also developed a scheme to explain the progress of human knowledge. Pulling thoughts from across Reid's corpus, I identify four key features that Reid uses to distinguish mature sciences from prescientific arts and inquiries. Then, I compare and contrast this scheme with that of Thomas Kuhn in order to highlight the plausibility and originality of Reid's work.

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