Strengthening government tobacco control in low- and middle-income countries: a ‘must do’ for lung health progress [Perspective]

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 997-1000
Author(s):  
A. Jackson-Morris ◽  
E. Latif
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Health Progress ◽  
Lung Health ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Raw and real: an innovative communication approach to smokeless tobacco control messaging in low and middle-income countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahir Turk ◽  
Pankaj Chaturvedi ◽  
Nandita Murukutla ◽  
Vaishakhi Mallik ◽  
Praveen Sinha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Communication Approach ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals Defending Comprehensive Tobacco Control Policy Implementation in Nepal From Tobacco Industry Interference (2011–2018)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 2203-2212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharma N Bhatta ◽  
Eric Crosbie ◽  
Stella A Bialous ◽  
Stanton Glantz
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Control Law ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
The Law ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Introduction Nepal passed a comprehensive tobacco control law in 2011. Tobacco control advocates successfully countered tobacco industry (TI) interference to force implementation of law. Aims and Methods Policy documents, news stories, and key informant interviews were triangulated and interpreted using the Policy Dystopia Model (PDM). Results The TI tried to block and weaken the law after Parliament passed it. Tobacco control advocates used litigation to force implementation of the law while the TI used litigation in an effort to block implementation. The TI argued that tobacco was socially and economically important, and used front groups to weaken the law. Tobacco control advocates mobilized the media, launched public awareness campaigns, educated the legislature, utilized lawsuits, and monitored TI activities to successfully counter TI opposition. Conclusions Both tobacco control advocates and the industry used the discursive and instrumental strategies described in the PDM. The model was helpful for understanding TI activities in Nepal and could be applied to other low- and middle-income countries. Civil society, with the help of international health groups, should continue to track TI interference and learn the lessons from other countries to proactively to counter it. Implications The PDM provides an effective framework to understand battles over implementation of a strong tobacco control law in Nepal, a low- and middle-income country. The TI applied discursive and instrumental strategies in Nepal in its efforts to weaken and delay the implementation of the law at every stage of implementation. It is important to continuously monitor TI activities and learn lessons from other countries, as the industry often employ the same strategies globally. Tobacco control advocates utilized domestic litigation, media advocacy, and engaged with legislators, politicians, and other stakeholders to implement a strong tobacco control law. Other low- and middle-income countries can adapt these lessons from Nepal to achieve effective implementation of their laws.

scholarly journals Implementing lung health interventions in low- and middle-income countries: a FRESH AIR systematic review and meta-synthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 2000127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn A. Brakema ◽  
Debbie Vermond ◽  
Hilary Pinnock ◽  
Christos Lionis ◽  
Bruce Kirenga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Implementation Tool ◽  
Lung Health ◽  
Implementation Factors ◽  
Low And Middle Income

The vast majority of patients with chronic respiratory disease live in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Paradoxically, relevant interventions often fail to be effective particularly in these settings, as LMICs lack solid evidence on how to implement interventions successfully. Therefore, we aimed to identify factors critical to the implementation of lung health interventions in LMICs, and weigh their level of evidence.This systematic review followed Cochrane methodology and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting standards. We searched eight databases without date or language restrictions in July 2019, and included all relevant original, peer-reviewed articles. Two researchers independently selected articles, critically appraised them (using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP)/Meta Quality Appraisal Tool (MetaQAT)), extracted data, coded factors (following the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR)), and assigned levels of confidence in the factors (via Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation-Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research (GRADE-CERQual)). We meta-synthesised levels of evidence of the factors based on their frequency and the assigned level of confidence (PROSPERO:CRD42018088687).We included 37 articles out of 9111 screened. Studies were performed across the globe in a broad range of settings. Factors identified with a high level of evidence were: 1) “Understanding needs of local users”; 2) ensuring “Compatibility” of interventions with local contexts (cultures, infrastructures); 3) identifying influential stakeholders and applying “Engagement” strategies; 4) ensuring adequate “Access to knowledge and information”; and 5) addressing “Resource availability”. All implementation factors and their level of evidence were synthesised in an implementation tool.To conclude, this study identified implementation factors for lung health interventions in LMICs, weighed their level of evidence, and integrated the results into an implementation tool for practice. Policymakers, non-governmental organisations, practitioners, and researchers may use this FRESH AIR (Free Respiratory Evaluation and Smoke-exposure reduction by primary Health cAre Integrated gRoups) Implementation tool to develop evidence-based implementation strategies for related interventions. This could increase interventions’ implementation success, thereby optimising the use of already-scarce resources and improving health outcomes.

scholarly journals Improving the implementation of tobacco control policies in low-and middle-income countries: a proposed framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. e002078
Author(s):  
Connie Hoe ◽  
Ryan D Kennedy ◽  
Mark Spires ◽  
Stephen Tamplin ◽  
Joanna E Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
Low And Middle Income
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