Immunohistochemical evidence of the co-localisation of cocaine and amphetamine regulatory peptide with neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase, vasoactive intestinal peptide and galanin within the circular muscle layer of the human caecum

The ultrastructural distribution and subcellular localization of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunoreactivity and its possible colocalization with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and substance P in the muscularis externa in canine ileum and colon were studied by using polyclonal antisera raised against VIP, substance P, and cerebellar NOS. Immunogold staining, with or without silver enhancement, was carried out directly on ultrathin sections using single and two-faced double immunogold methods. NOS immunoreactivity was observed in nerve profiles in myenteric plexus and circular muscle layer. Immunoreactivity was occasionally detected in smooth muscle cells and interstitial cells of Cajal. The double immunostaining revealed NOS and VIP in the same nerve varicosities but never in the same organelles. NOS was localized in electron-dense material of undetermined nature, whereas VIP was associated with large granular vesicles. Substance P and NOS were never found in the same nerves. These results indicate that NOS is present in the enteric nerves containing VIP but in different organelles and that nitric oxide release probably does not occur by an exocytotic mechanism.

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Long-term dietary l-arginine supplementation increases endothelial nitric oxide synthase and vasoactive intestinal peptide immunoexpression in rat small intestine

European Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1007/s00394-013-0585-8 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 813-821 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ksenija Velickovic ◽

Milica Markelic ◽

Igor Golic ◽

Vesna Otasevic ◽

Ana Stancic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Small Intestine ◽

Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ◽

Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽

Rat Small Intestine ◽

Oxide Synthase ◽

Endothelial Nitric Oxide ◽

Arginine Supplementation

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Effect of Joksamni Combination on NADPH-diaphorase Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase, Neuropeptide Y and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide in the Cerebral Cortex of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat

Zen Nihon Shinkyu Gakkai zasshi (Journal of the Japan Society of Acupuncture and Moxibustion) ◽

10.3777/jjsam.54.149 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 54 (2) ◽

pp. 149-162

Author(s):

In-gy Jung ◽

Jae-dong Lee ◽

Chang-hwan Kim

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Cerebral Cortex ◽

Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽

Neuropeptide Y ◽

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ◽

Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat ◽

Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽

Nadph Diaphorase ◽

Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽

Oxide Synthase

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Nitric oxide pathway in cat esophagus: localization of nitric oxide synthase and functional effects

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1995.268.1.g59 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 268 (1) ◽

pp. G59-G70 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

L. Ny ◽

P. Alm ◽

B. Larsson ◽

P. Ekstrom ◽

K. E. Andersson

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Smooth Muscle ◽

Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽

Microscopic Analysis ◽

Muscle Layer ◽

Cyclic Monophosphate ◽

Circular Smooth Muscle ◽

Consistent Change ◽

Esophageal Sphincter ◽

Oxide Synthase

In the cat lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and esophageal body, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunoreactive nerves were abundant in the circular smooth muscle layer, especially in the LES region. NADPH diaphorase staining showed an identical pattern. The ability to form L-citrulline from L-arginine corresponded roughly to the distribution of NOS. Confocal microscopic analysis indicated colocalization within neurons of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in 65% of NOS-positive nerves. In LES circular smooth muscle preparations, electrically induced relaxations (single train stimuli) were generally abolished by NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA). Continuous electrical stimulation for 2 min evoked a relaxation in the presence of L-NNA. This relaxation was inhibited by VIP antiserum and followed by a decrease in guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate, but not by any consistent change in adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate levels. K+ (124 mM) induced a biphasic relaxation, with L-NNA inhibiting the first phase but not the second. We conclude that nitric oxide (NO) has a major role as the mediator responsible for relaxation in the cat esophagus. NO seems also to initiate the release and enhance the effect of another transmitter.

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