Semantic Enrichment of Linked Personal Authority Data: A Case Study of Elites in Late Imperial China

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 607-614
Author(s):  
Shu-Jiun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Digital Humanities ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Late Imperial China ◽  
External Resources ◽  
Semantic Enrichment ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
Hierarchical Relations ◽  
The Relationship

The study uses the Database of Names and Biographies (DNB) as an example to explore how in the transformation of original data into linked data, semantic enrichment can enhance engagement in digital humanities. In the preliminary results, we have defined instance-based and schema-based categories of semantic enrichment. In the instance-based category, in which enrichment occurs by enhancing the content of entities, we further determined three types, including: 1) enriching the entities by linking to diverse external resources in order to provide additional data of multiple perspectives; 2) enriching the entities with missing data, which is needed to satisfy the semantic queries; and, 3) providing the entities with access to an extended knowledge base. In the schema-based categories that enrichment occurs by enhancing the relations between the properties, we have identified two types, including: 1) enriching the properties by defining the hierarchical relations between properties; and, 2) specifying properties’ domain and range for data reasoning. In addition, the study implements the LOD dataset in a digital humanities platform to demonstrate how instances and entities can be applied in the full texts where the relationship between entities are highlighted in order to bring scholars more semantic details of the texts.

scholarly journals Revolutionary Homophobia: Explaining State Repression against Sexual Minorities

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1459-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Tschantret
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Original Data ◽  
State Repression ◽  
Bisexual And Transgender ◽  
Strategic Incentives ◽  
Lgbt People ◽  
Domestic Instability ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWhy do unthreatening social groups become targets of state repression? Repression of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people is especially puzzling since sexual minorities, unlike many ethnic minorities, pose no credible violent challenge to the state. This article contends that revolutionary governments are disproportionately oppressive toward sexual minorities for strategic and ideological reasons. Since revolutions create domestic instability, revolutionaries face unique strategic incentives to target ‘unreliable’ groups and to demonstrate an ability to selectively punish potential dissidents by identifying and punishing ‘invisible’ groups. Moreover, revolutionary governments are frequently helmed by elites with exclusionary ideologies – such as communism, fascism and Islamism – which represent collectivities rather than individuals. Elites adhering to these views are thus likely to perceive sexual minorities as liberal, individualistic threats to their collectivist projects. Statistical analysis using original data on homophobic repression demonstrates that revolutionary governments are more likely to target LGBT individuals, and that this effect is driven by exclusionary ideologues. Case study evidence from Cuba further indicates that the posited strategic and ideological mechanisms mediate the relationship between revolutionary government and homophobic repression.

The Twilight of Presence: Pictorialized Illumination in Leonardo da Vinci’s Last Supper

Leonardo ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Underhill
Keyword(s):  
Digital Humanities ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Traditional Art ◽  
Last Supper ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Santa Maria

This essay explores the relationship between pictures and the lighting conditions in which they were originally viewed. The theoretical interrelationship between brightness, illumination and depiction is explored in a case study of Leonardo da Vinci’s Last Supper mural at the refectory of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan. Advanced rendering software allows for the reconstruction of the refectory as it stood when Leonardo painted The Last Supper and demonstrates the complex interaction between light and space in the mural. This analysis illustrates how digital humanities might bridge traditional art-historical methods and forensic visualization.

A “Glorious” Dream of Awkward Romance: Humor and Desire in Wang Yun’s (1749-1819) Fanhua meng

NAN Nü ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-304
Author(s):  
Yanbing Tan
Keyword(s):  
Women Writers ◽  
Dream Content ◽  
Late Imperial China ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
Male Privilege ◽  
Female Protagonist ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Imperial China ◽  
Male Dominated

AbstractWang Yun’s (1749-1819) Fanhua meng (A Dream of Glory, 1769) is one of the very few extant chuanqi plays written by women in late imperial China. Its female protagonist, who is frustrated by social restrictions placed on women, transforms into a man in a dream. The dream content revolves around the protagonist’s romantic adventures, which feature many awkward and laughable moments. As a fantasy about transgender experience, Fanhua meng has been the subject of critique for its embrace of patriarchal values as well as praise for its reflection on patriarchal depravity. These conflicting views attest to the complexity of Wang Yun’s use of humor in the play. This article explores how and why Wang Yun depicts her protagonist’s journey of desire in a comic mode, and how Wang’s contemporary male readers responded to Wang’s humor. It argues that Wang’s use of humor provides a palatable coating for a provocative reflection on the male privilege of being a desiring subject. As a whole, Wang’s play challenges the vision of worldly success promoted by the long-established and male-dominated chuanqi drama tradition. As a case study, this article draws attention to humor as a mode of self-writing for women writers in late imperial China.

Gender, Technical Innovation, and Gu Family Embroidery in Late-Ming Shangha

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-130
Author(s):  
I-Fen Huang
Keyword(s):  
Technical Innovation ◽  
Late Imperial China ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
Late Ming ◽  
Shanghai Museum ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
Art And Culture ◽  
Technical Innovations ◽  
Imperial China

This paper takes Gu Family embroidery as a case study to discuss the contribution of technical innovation to the construction of gender in late imperial China so as to better understand Guxiu in its technical, social, and artistic contexts. Focusing on the Flowers and Fishes album (dated 1641, Shanghai Museum) by Han Ximeng, I argue that Gu family ladies, such as Han Ximeng, used embroidery as a means to display their individual creativity; and, further, by means of technical innovations, contributed not only to their family finances but also to the art and culture of late Ming Shanghai. While some of the technical innovations that the Gu family ladies achieved were driven by the desire to meet the literati aesthetic of their time, eventually, in the case of Han Ximeng, she went beyond the literati taste for ‘painting-like’ embroidery to assert the special qualities of embroidery. By affirming her own authorship, drawing attention to the feminine medium in which she worked and claiming the significance of her work with a carefully chosen subject, Han subverted the conventions of male painting in subtle ways and demonstrated her subjectivity.

scholarly journals The Dangers of ‘Warming and Replenishing’ (wenbu 溫補) during the Ming to Qing Epistemic Transition

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 90-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Medical Profession ◽  
Song Learning ◽  
Late Imperial China ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
Epistemic Transition ◽  
Medicinal Substances ◽  
Imperial China ◽  
Nature Of Medicine

Through a case study of Zhao Xianke’s 趙獻可One Principle through Medicine(Yiguan醫貫) (1617?) and Xu Dachun’s 徐大椿 (1693–1771) denouncements of this text, my article zooms in on divergent discourses on the safety and efficacy of medicinal substances and compounds in late imperial China. Although Xu Dachun’s fierce attacks on the popular ‘warming and replenishing’ (wenbu溫補) therapies can be situated in an epistemic shift from the cosmology of ‘Song learning’ (songxue宋學) towards the philology of ‘Han learning’ (hanxue漢學) and ‘evidential research’ (kaozheng考證), I argue that more complex issues were at stake as well. Changed political, social, ethical, and economic realities shaped new and multifaceted perceptions of the nature of medicine, the medical profession, and the usage of medicinals in the aftermath of the Ming to Qing transition.

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