scholarly journals Revolutionary Homophobia: Explaining State Repression against Sexual Minorities

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1459-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Tschantret
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Original Data ◽  
State Repression ◽  
Bisexual And Transgender ◽  
Strategic Incentives ◽  
Lgbt People ◽  
Domestic Instability ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWhy do unthreatening social groups become targets of state repression? Repression of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people is especially puzzling since sexual minorities, unlike many ethnic minorities, pose no credible violent challenge to the state. This article contends that revolutionary governments are disproportionately oppressive toward sexual minorities for strategic and ideological reasons. Since revolutions create domestic instability, revolutionaries face unique strategic incentives to target ‘unreliable’ groups and to demonstrate an ability to selectively punish potential dissidents by identifying and punishing ‘invisible’ groups. Moreover, revolutionary governments are frequently helmed by elites with exclusionary ideologies – such as communism, fascism and Islamism – which represent collectivities rather than individuals. Elites adhering to these views are thus likely to perceive sexual minorities as liberal, individualistic threats to their collectivist projects. Statistical analysis using original data on homophobic repression demonstrates that revolutionary governments are more likely to target LGBT individuals, and that this effect is driven by exclusionary ideologues. Case study evidence from Cuba further indicates that the posited strategic and ideological mechanisms mediate the relationship between revolutionary government and homophobic repression.

MARGINALIZED YET MOBILIZED

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alecia J. McGregor ◽  
Laura M. Bogart ◽  
Molly Higgins-Biddle ◽  
Dara Z. Strolovitch ◽  
Bisola Ojikutu
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Electoral Outcomes ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Lgbt People ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBoth African American and LGBT voters can prove pivotal in electoral outcomes, but we know little about civic participation among Black LGBT people. Although decades of research on political participation has made it almost an article of faith that members of dominant groups (such as White people and individuals of higher socioeconomic status) vote at higher rates than their less privileged counterparts, recent work has suggested that there are circumstances under which members of marginalized groups might participate at higher rates. Some of this research suggests that political participation might also increase when groups perceive elections as particularly threatening. We argue that when such threats are faced by marginalized groups, the concern to protect hard-earned rights can activate a sense of what we call “political hypervigilance,” and that such effects may be particularly pronounced among members of intersectionally-marginalized groups such as LGBT African Americans. To test this theory, we use original data from the 2016 National Survey on HIV in the Black Community, a nationally-representative survey of Black Americans, to explore the relationship among same-sex sexual behavior, attitudes toward LGBT people, and respondent voting intentions in the 2016 presidential election. We find that respondents who reported having engaged in same-sex sexual behavior were strongly and significantly more likely to say they “definitely will vote” compared to respondents who reported no same-sex sexual behavior. More favorable views of LGBT individuals and issues (marriage equality) were also associated with greater intention to vote. We argue that these high rates provide preliminary evidence that political hypervigilance can, in fact, lead to increased political engagement among members of marginalized groups.

Semantic Enrichment of Linked Personal Authority Data: A Case Study of Elites in Late Imperial China

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 607-614
Author(s):  
Shu-Jiun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Digital Humanities ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Late Imperial China ◽  
External Resources ◽  
Semantic Enrichment ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
Hierarchical Relations ◽  
The Relationship

The study uses the Database of Names and Biographies (DNB) as an example to explore how in the transformation of original data into linked data, semantic enrichment can enhance engagement in digital humanities. In the preliminary results, we have defined instance-based and schema-based categories of semantic enrichment. In the instance-based category, in which enrichment occurs by enhancing the content of entities, we further determined three types, including: 1) enriching the entities by linking to diverse external resources in order to provide additional data of multiple perspectives; 2) enriching the entities with missing data, which is needed to satisfy the semantic queries; and, 3) providing the entities with access to an extended knowledge base. In the schema-based categories that enrichment occurs by enhancing the relations between the properties, we have identified two types, including: 1) enriching the properties by defining the hierarchical relations between properties; and, 2) specifying properties’ domain and range for data reasoning. In addition, the study implements the LOD dataset in a digital humanities platform to demonstrate how instances and entities can be applied in the full texts where the relationship between entities are highlighted in order to bring scholars more semantic details of the texts.

Japanese university students’ views on lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals based on previous encounters

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasa Ikuta ◽  
Yuji Koike ◽  
Naoko Aoyagi ◽  
Akira Matsuzaka ◽  
Kenji Ishihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
School Life ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Japanese University ◽  
Bisexual And Transgender ◽  
Lgbt People ◽  
Japanese Youth ◽  
Lgbt Individuals

Abstract Objective: To elucidate the acceptability of sexual minorities according to Japanese youth, we conducted a survey targeting university students. Methods: Participants were second- to fourth-year students (n=945) at Ibaraki University, Japan, who were randomly chosen for the survey to measure their attitudes toward lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals. We divided the respondents into two groups: one group who had encounters with LGBT people, and one group with no such experience. Chi-square tests were used to compare responses between the groups. Results: More than 60% of the students considered LGBT people to be acceptable; the group with prior encounters had greater levels of acceptance compared to the group without such encounters. Conclusion: This is the first study to clarify the acceptability of sexual minorities among university students in Japan. Our data suggested that having contact with LGBT people in school life may help build an inclusive educational system.

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Persons Aging in Rural Areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-208
Author(s):  
Kristina M. Hash ◽  
Deana F. Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Older Woman ◽  
Older Adulthood ◽  
Transgender Persons ◽  
Bisexual And Transgender ◽  
Lgbt People

Older lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons face many challenges in aging, including coping with life-long discrimination and encountering family and others who are not supportive of their identities and relationships. Members of this population who reside in small towns and rural areas face even more challenges in older adulthood. This article presents a case study of an older woman who is questioning her sexual orientation and discusses her experiences in the context of aging in a rural community. The article also addresses the historical context in which older LGBT people came of age as well as health issues that impact them. In addition, recommendations are offered for improving provider services with LGBT individuals.

scholarly journals Age and Environmental Citizenship: A Case Study of Media Coverage of the 2019 Local Body Elections in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-334
Author(s):  
Amber Hammill ◽  
Verica Rupar ◽  
Wayne Hope
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Media Representation ◽  
Environmental Citizenship ◽  
Journalism Research ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Local Body

Environmental issues in the coverage of the elections are usually framed in relation to voters’ attitudes towards the specific problems, for instance, water quality or land use. The environment is not given standing in these discussions, rather, it is an instrument or resource for voters. In this article we investigate the relationship between news and politics by looking at media coverage of the 2019 local body elections in New Zealand. We follow a call to put place at the centre of journalism research and to investigate the emerging forms of environmental citizenship. We focus on a media market at each end of New Zealand’s two main islands and relate analysis of the coverage of local body elections coverage to related social groups engaged in environmental issues. The objective of our article is to consider the extent to which age plays a role in media representation of environmental issues in the context of local body elections.

Physical Health Disparities and Stigma: Race, Sexual Orientation, and Body Weight

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Dovidio ◽  
Louis A. Penner ◽  
Sarah K. Calabrese ◽  
Rebecca L. Pearl
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

This chapter reviews evidence of stigma and differences in physical health between members of dominant social groups and select disadvantaged social groups (defined by race, sexual orientation, and weight) and considers the direct and indirect ways that stigma can contribute to these differences in health. The goal of this chapter is to provide a deeper understanding of the relationship between stigma and health disparities for members of these groups. It considers how enacted, anticipated, and internalized stigmas influence, to varying degrees, health and health disparities experienced by Blacks, sexual minorities, and people with overweight or obesity. The chapter concludes by suggesting promising future directions for research. The new insights provided by this theoretical understanding can lead to interventions that reduce stigma as well as help members of these (and other) stigmatized groups better cope with the stigma they confront in their lives and thus realize better psychological and physical health.

scholarly journals From Micro- to Macro-processes of Religious Change

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 412-439
Author(s):  
Rob Lutton
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Religious Change ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Richard Rolle ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The article discusses the Europe-wide late medieval phenomenon of the cult of the Holy Name, using it as a case study to discuss the relationship of micro-and macro-historical transformations by scrutinizing the enormous success of a religious innovation which managed to spread to many different local contexts and social groups. After pointing out contradictions in earlier explanations of this success, the article gives a detailed reading of several different realizations of this form of devotion, discussing authors like Richard Rolle, but also religious compilations and documentary evidence. This evidence suggests that the meaning and significance of devotion to the Holy Name remained open, malleable and unstable. It therefore appears necessary to engage with the whole range of its representations, and their transmission at different social levels, in order to understand its larger significance in the religious transformations of the long fifteenth century.

scholarly journals Representation and Rights: The Impact of LGBT Legislators in Comparative Perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW REYNOLDS
Keyword(s):  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
National Parliaments ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Government Ideology ◽  
Bisexual And Transgender ◽  
Lgbt People ◽  
The Impact ◽  
National Legislatures ◽  
The Relationship

This article focuses on the link between the representation of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in national legislatures and the existence of equality laws focused on sexual orientation. It addresses three interrelated questions: how many “out” LGBT legislators have served in national parliaments, what explains the cross-national variation in their legislative presence, and what is the relationship between the presence of gay legislators and the enactment of laws that treat gay and straight citizens equally? There is an established literature arguing that the representation of women and ethnic minorities “descriptively” in national legislatures improves the realization of their policy preferences and the position of the group within the society as a whole. This article draws on that literature and extends the analysis to LGBT communities. It finds that the presence of even a small number of openly gay legislators is associated significantly with the future passage of enhanced gay rights, even after including controls for social values, democracy, government ideology, and electoral system design. Once openly gay legislators are in office they have a transformative effect on the views and voting behavior of their straight colleagues. This “familiarity through presence” effect is echoed in studies of U.S. state legislatures and levels of social tolerance of homosexuality in the population at large.

scholarly journals Is LGBT progress seen as an attack on Christians?: Examining Christian/sexual orientation zero-sum beliefs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara L Wilkins ◽  
Joseph D. Wellman ◽  
Negin R. Toosi ◽  
Chad Aaron Miller ◽  
Jackie Lisnek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Sexual Prejudice ◽  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Methodist Church ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Bisexual And Transgender ◽  
Lgbt People ◽  
Zero Sum ◽  
Lgbt Individuals

As social policies have changed to grant more rights to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals, some Christians in the U.S. have suggested that LGBT rights impede Christians’ religious freedom. Across five studies, we examined the causes and consequences of zero-sum beliefs (ZSBs) about Christians and LGBT individuals. We demonstrate that Christians’ beliefs about conflict with sexual minorities are shaped by their understandings of Christian values, social change, interpretation of the Bible, and in response to religious institutions. In Study 1, heterosexual cisgender Christians endorsed ZSBs more than other groups. Christians reported perceiving that anti-LGBT bias has decreased over time while anti-Christian bias has correspondingly increased. In Study 2, Christians’ zero-sum beliefs increased after they reflected on religious values, suggesting that intergroup conflict is seen as being a function of Christian beliefs. Study 3 confirmed the role of symbolic threat in driving ZSBs; perceived conflict was accentuated when Christians read about a changing cultural climate in which Christians’ influence is waning. An intervention using Biblical scripture to encourage acceptance successfully lowered zero-sum beliefs for mainline, but not fundamentalist Christians (Study 4). A final field study examined how ZSBs predict sexual prejudice in response to changing group norms. After a special conference in which the United Methodist Church voted to restrict LGBT people from marriage and serving as clergy, zero-sum beliefs became a stronger predictor of sexual prejudice (Study 5). We discuss the implications of Christian/LGBT ZSBs for religious freedom legislation, attitudes toward sexual minorities, and intergroup conflict more generally.

scholarly journals Learning Management on Sexual Diversity in Social Studies through a Case Study on Identity Formation in LGBT Elderly

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Nipitpon Nanthawong ◽  
Thongchai Phuwanatwichit ◽  
Charin Mangkhang ◽  
Atchara Sarobol
Keyword(s):  
Social Studies ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Sexual Diversity ◽  
Direct Experience ◽  
Bisexual And Transgender ◽  
Learning Management ◽  
Lgbt People

The purpose of this research is to study learning management on sexual diversity in social studies through a case study on identity formation in the LGBT elderly. The sample included 12 LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender) elderly people determined by the concept of age ranges or generations. This study is in the form of a qualitative study by using the methodology, autobiography, and storytelling of life history. The results of the study revealed that these LGBT elderly people developed or formed LGBT identity at their early age before entering to acceptance of LGBT. Most of them were aware that they had a sexual identity different from general people since they were young. Some of them accepted such identity and express it right away whereas some tried to hide it since it was unacceptable in their living societies. Then they sought knowledge by themselves through direct experience and from other people with the same sexuality. However, these LGBT people thought that education should take the role to educate about LGBT to understand LGBT people as well as others. Regarding learning management, the focus should be on the target group of teenage students by emphasizing understanding and awareness of right, liberty, and equality in genders and societies.

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