scholarly journals Peer Review #2 of "Not always a matter of context: direct effects of red on arousal but context-dependent moderations on valence (v0.1)"

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Context Dependent

scholarly journals Defensive symbiosis and the evolution of virulence

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Nelson ◽  
Georgiana May
Keyword(s):  
Entire Range ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Continuous Trait ◽  
Defensive Symbiosis ◽  
Evolution Of Virulence ◽  
Host Mortality ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Counterintuitive Result

AbstractAlthough environments rife with enemies should cause selection for defensive traits, such enemy-rich environments should also select for greater virulence in co-occurring symbionts, yet many defensive symbionts cause little to no damage while protecting their hosts from enemies. Thus, co-infection of a defensive symbiont and a parasite is predicted to select both for increased virulence in co-infecting symbionts and for increased defense in the protective symbiont. Why then do we observe defensive mutualists that protect hosts while causing little damage? To address this question, we build a symbiont-centered model that incorporates the evolution of two independent traits: defense and virulence. Virulence is modeled as a continuous trait spanning mutualism (negative virulence) and parasitism (virulence) and thus accounts for the entire range of direct effects that symbionts have on host mortality. Defense is modeled as a continuous trait that ameliorates the costs to the host associated with co-infection with a deleterious parasite. We obtain the counterintuitive result that the evolution of increased defense in one symbiont largely leads to the evolution of lower virulence in both symbionts and may even facilitate pathogens evolving to mutualism. However, results are context-dependent and when defensive traits are costly, the evolution of greater defense may also lead to higher virulence.

scholarly journals Not always a matter of context: direct effects of red on arousal but context-dependent moderations on valence

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa L. Buechner ◽  
Markus A. Maier
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Arousal Theory ◽  
Valence Component ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Arousal And Valence ◽  
Context Theory

The arousal theory of color proposes that red is associated with arousal. Research on the color-in-context theory, in turn, states that the context in which red is perceived influences its valence-related meaning and behavioral responses to it. This study faces and integrates these theories by examining the influence of red on both arousal and valence perceptions of test-relevant and neutral stimuli, rendering a color 2 (red vs. blue) × context 2 (test vs. neutral) between-subjects design. Participants rated different pictures regarding their arousal and valence component, respectively. In line with the assumptions of both theories, red increased arousal perceptions of stimuli irrespective of their valence but a context × color interaction was found for valence perceptions: for participants viewing test-relevant pictures, red increased their perceptions of negativity compared to neutral pictures. The present study shows that both theories are actually compatible when differentiating the arousal and valence component.

Peer review of a dental curriculum: how one school did it

1976 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 761-762
Author(s):  
PK Morse ◽  
TR Dirksen
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Dental Curriculum

Direct effects of hCG on the human endometrium

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 109A-109A ◽  
Author(s):  
R FANCHIN ◽  
E PELTIER ◽  
C RIGHINI ◽  
F OLIVENNES ◽  
R FRYDMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Endometrium ◽  
Direct Effects
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