Сверхтонкие взаимодействия в узлах меди антиферромагнитных соединений, аналогов сверхпроводящих металлооксидов меди

Emission Mössbauer spectra of 61Cu(61Ni) in dielectric metal oxides of divalent copper Ca1−xSrxCuO2, Ca2CuO2Cl2, Sr2CuO2Cl2, YBa2Cu3O7−x, La2−xSrxCuO4 and Nd2−xCexCuO4 correspond to the combined quadrupole and Zeeman interaction of 61Ni nuclei with local fields at the sites of copper. For the superconducting metal oxides, on the other hand, spectra correspond to the interaction of the quadrupole moment of 61Ni nuclei with the electric field gradient. The both groups of metal oxides show linear dependences of the quadrupole interaction constants on the calculated values of the principal components of the lattice electric field gradient tensor at the copper sites for 61Ni nuclei (emission 61Cu(61Ni) Mössbauer spectroscopy data) as well as for 63Cu nuclei (63Cu nuclear magnetic resonance data). This fact is explained by invariable values of the valence component of electric field gradient for both 61Ni2+ and 63Cu2+ probes in all divalent copper metal oxides under investigation.

The nonideological component of coalition preferences

Recent research on political attitudes has emphasized that coalition preferences determine electoral choices, prompting scholars to investigate the sources of coalition preferences. While it is not surprising that coalition preferences are strongly informed by spatial considerations, several studies have drawn attention to additional nonideological factors. Relying on this insight, the present study aims to systematically investigate the nonideological or valence component of coalition preferences. In order to decompose attitudes into their principal ideological and nonideological components, we apply a Bayesian unfolding model to coalition sympathy ratings. We find that coalitions differ strongly with regard to their valence component. This surplus cannot be reconstructed as a linear combination of the coalitions’ constituent party valences and is predominantly structured by campaign valence.

Not always a matter of context: direct effects of red on arousal but context-dependent moderations on valence

The arousal theory of color proposes that red is associated with arousal. Research on the color-in-context theory, in turn, states that the context in which red is perceived influences its valence-related meaning and behavioral responses to it. This study faces and integrates these theories by examining the influence of red on both arousal and valence perceptions of test-relevant and neutral stimuli, rendering a color 2 (red vs. blue) × context 2 (test vs. neutral) between-subjects design. Participants rated different pictures regarding their arousal and valence component, respectively. In line with the assumptions of both theories, red increased arousal perceptions of stimuli irrespective of their valence but a context × color interaction was found for valence perceptions: for participants viewing test-relevant pictures, red increased their perceptions of negativity compared to neutral pictures. The present study shows that both theories are actually compatible when differentiating the arousal and valence component.

Separating Candidate Valence and Proximity Voting: Determinants of Competitors’ Non-Policy Appeal

Previous scholarship has provided ample evidence that non-spatial considerations can trump voters’ policy preferences in candidate selections. The literature has been less successful, however, in providing a sense of the factors that raise candidates’ non-policy appeal. Faced with the challenging task of separating policy and non-policy aspects of individual vote choices, empirical research has frequently relied on shorthand measures like candidate incumbency. This paper separates the valence component from policy-based candidate selections by explicitly supplying voters with information on the policy agreement between themselves and their district candidates. Relying on the distinction between campaign valence and character valence by Stone and Simas, it is shown that candidate valence is driven by candidate visibility in a party-dominated political system.