scholarly journals Peer Review #1 of "Deer herbivory reduces web-building spider abundance by simplifying forest vegetation structure (v0.1)"

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
CW Habeck
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Deer Herbivory ◽  
Spider Abundance ◽  
Web Building

scholarly journals Composition of Vegetation Types and Structures in Gunung Ciremai National Park Forest

2021 ◽  
Vol 748 (1) ◽  
pp. 012009
Author(s):  
Agusyadi Ismail ◽  
Yayan Hendrayana ◽  
Dadan Ramadani ◽  
Sri Umiyati
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
National Park ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Intensity Data ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
High Level

Abstract Mount Ciremai National Park forest that area had been encroached. Because of that condition, stand structure especially the species composition and vegetation structure need to be researched. The aim of this research was to identify plant species and analyze forest vegetation structure. This research was conducted between March–April 2018 in the 15.500 ha area with 0.02% sampling intensity. Data was collected using grid line method that consisted of 34 sample plots with the 10 m distance between the plots and 20 m between the lines. The numbers of identified plant species at the research location were 43 species, classified by 10 families and 24 genera. Cinnamomum sintoc has a high level of dominance species. The forest vegetation was consisting by the different growth phases. The tree phase has the highest density of 3672 species/ha, while the seedling phase was lowest density of 1060 species/ha. The forest crown stratification were consisting of A, B, C, D and E stratum. The highest number of plants were from C strata for 4651 trees and the least from A strata with 25 trees with the highest tree was 42 m. Could be concluded that the composition of Mount Ciremai National Park forest have so many number of species and complex structure vegetation forest.

scholarly journals Spider community responds to litter complexity: insights from a small-scale experiment in an exotic pine stand

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana R. Podgaiski ◽  
◽  
Gilberto G. Rodrigues ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Plantations ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Community Patterns ◽  
Litter Manipulation ◽  
Spider Community ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
Spider Abundance ◽  
Web Building ◽  
Manipulation Experiment

ABSTRACT Conservation of biodiversity in agroecosystems is an urgent need, and a suitable approach to maximize animal biodiversity and their services is the restoration of habitat heterogeneity. Here we investigated the value of increasing litter complexity in tree plantations of exotic pine for ground spiders. We hypothesized that increasing the litter complexity of these systems, as it would be the case in ecologically designed plantations, would increase spider aggregations. We performed a small-scale litter manipulation experiment within an exotic pine stand in the municipality of Minas do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and compared spider diversity in simple (only pine needles) and complex substrates (with the addition of diverse native broadleaves). We found 1,110 spiders, 19 families and 32 morphospecies. The most abundant families were Linyphiidae, Theridiidae and Salticidade, and the dominant morphospecies were Thymoites sp. 2 and Lygarina sp. Web-building spiders represented 61% of total spider abundance, and 17 species, while hunting spiders, 49% and 15 species. As expected, densities of spider individuals and species from both web-building and hunting spiders were higher in complex litter substrate. Potential preys (Collembola) also responded positively to the treatment, and had influence of spider community patterns. Our results suggest that ensuring some degree of plant and litter diversity within pine stands (e.g. understory establishment) might foster spider aggregations and possibly help to conserve their diversity at local-scales.

Forest vegetation structure has more influence on predation risk of artificial ground nests than human activities

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 687-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Seibold ◽  
Anke Hempel ◽  
Sarah Piehl ◽  
Claus Bässler ◽  
Roland Brandl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Forest Vegetation

scholarly journals Interactions among Land, Water, and Vegetation in Shoreline Arthropod Communities

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall Willoughby ◽  
Wendy Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Missouri River ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Arthropod Communities ◽  
Web Building ◽  
Emergent Insects ◽  
Rock Lake ◽  
Land Water

We investigated the distribution and abundance of terrestrial spiders as a function of their distance from a body of water and the structure of vegetation that would provide suitable habitat. We hypothesized that spiders would prefer to be located near the water to catch abundant aquatic emergent insects. In Montana along the Upper Missouri River, and in Missouri at various locations around Table Rock Lake, transect lines were run from the water’s edge to 25 meters inland. At five-meter intervals, in one square meter plots, the number of spiders, number of prey and type, and vegetation type and structure were recorded. In both Montana and Missouri, spider distribution was more strongly associated with available vegetation structure than with distance from shore. This suggests that, although prey availability may be important for predator distribution, suitable habitat is as strong or stronger a determinant for web building spiders.

scholarly journals Deer herbivory reduces web-building spider abundance by simplifying forest vegetation structure

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J Roberson ◽  
Michael J Chips ◽  
Walter P Carson ◽  
Thomas P Rooney
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Forest Disturbance ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Spider Webs ◽  
Spider Web ◽  
Food Web Interactions ◽  
Closed Canopy ◽  
Availability Index ◽  
Web Building

Indirect effects are a common feature of ecological systems, arising when one species affects interactions among two or more other species. We examined how browsing by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) affected the abundance and composition of a web-building spider guild through their effects on the structure of the ground and shrub layers of northern hardwood forests. We examined paired plots consisting of deer-free and control plots in Pennsylvania and Wisconsin. We recorded the abundance of seven types of webs, each corresponding to a family of web-building spiders. We quantified vegetation structure and habitat suitability for the spiders by computing a web scaffold availability index (WSAI) at 0.5 m and 1.0 m above the ground. At Wisconsin sites, we recorded prey availability. Spider webs were twice as abundant in deer-free plots compared to control plots, while WSAI was 7-12 times greater in deer-free plots. Prey availability was also higher in deer-free plots. With the exception of funnel web-builders, all spider web types were significantly more abundant in deer-free plots. Both deer exclusion and the geographic region of plots were significant predictors of spider community structure. In closed canopy forests with high browsing pressure, the low density of tree saplings and shrubs provides few locations for web-building spiders to anchor webs. Recruitment of these spiders may become coupled with forest disturbance events that increase tree and shrub recruitment. By modifying habitat structure, deer indirectly modify arthropod food web interactions. As deer populations have increased in eastern North America over the past several decades, the effects of deer on web-building spiders may be widespread throughout the region.

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