Agroclimatic classification for assessment Of the crop potential of Karnataka

To plan cropping pattern and to bring out agricultural potential of a region, it is essential that the agro climatic classification is made on an objective and rational basis. Such an attempt has been made in this paper by devising an index called Water Availability Index (WAI). This index takes into account the distribution of the minimum water required by the crop. It utilizes the most probable number of the wet weeks for three threshold values of weekly rainfall and probability of dry spells of more than three weeks. The methodology developed is applied to dry farming tracts of Karnataka State. Using these information along with the information of the soil types and water requirement of different crops, cropping pattern can be assessed in each agro climatic zone, so that optimum use of the available moisture is made in stabilizing the crop production in the State.

Cropping potential or the red-laterite-gravelly belt of West Bengal based on moisture availability index and soil characteristics

Crop potential has been brought out over the red-laterite-gravelly belt of West Bengal using Moisture Availability Index (MAI) and broad soil information. MAI indicates that a crop of 15. 18-20 and 22-24 weeks. duration at 80%, 50% and 30% probability levels respectively maybe raised from this belt. In most of the stations of the belt, rice could be raised in eight out of every ten years without encountering much waterstress period. At lower probability levels. after rice, pulses like gram. tur and lentil and oilseeds like rapeseed and mustard may be raised based on residual soil moisture. In low rainfall years sorghum. groundnut, maize could be introduced in place of rice in the kharif season. Emphasis should also be given on agro-forestry and horticultural crops for increasing and stabilizing agricultural production.

Comparison of Staple Food Availability in Urban and Rural Households in Kabupaten Malaka

This study aims to investigate the differences staple food availability and household consumption patterns in urban and rural areas. This research took place in Kabupaten Malaka, with the sample of 60 urban households and 60 households chosen through random sampling. The obtianed data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Results show that staple food availability respondents’ household were from the production of own farming, purchasing, and assistance from relatives. However, the availability of staple food did not support household consumption needs for 365 days (1 year). Staple food availability index in urban areas was 58.4, and the rural households reached 57.2. These numbers were far below the national index of 100. Analysis of z-tests showed significant differences in staple food availability between urban and rural households.

Hydro-Environmental Criteria for Introducing an Edible Halophyte from a Rainy Region to an Arid Zone: A Study Case of Suaeda spp. as a New Crop in NW México

Halophytes are capable of growing in saline environments. However, this attribute results from a wide genetic variability, making it difficult to approximate halophytes’ agroecological management. We examined the hydro-climatological attributes associated with the distribution of species of the genus Suaeda in NW Mexico and SW USA, and for S. edulis in central México. The analysis focused on the introduction of the semi-domesticated species Suaeda edulis as a new crop, from central regions of México, reaching an average yield of 8 Mg ha−1 of biomass, to arid NW México. The list of Suaeda species was elaborated from the eHALOPH and Calflora databases, and the NW México Herbarium Network. According to the Hydro-Environmental Availability Index (HEAI), the central regions of Mexico reflect a greater water availability, suitable for S. edulis. In such a humid region, HEAI varied from 6 to 18, indicating sufficient moisture for crops. In contrast, other Suaeda species, including S. nigra, S. esteroa, and S. californica, spread in NW Mexico and SW United States, where the water availability is null during the year, with HEAI scoring from 0 to 4. Under such dryness, S. edulis in NW Mexico will require water through optimized irrigation and plant breeding strategies to ensure its viability as a new crop.

Characterization of climatic parameters in the perspective of irrigated agriculture in Uttar Kannada district of Karnataka, India

A rainfall and potential evapotranspiration characteristics together determine the agro-meteorological regime of a region and influences decision concerning the magnitudes and timing of irrigation application. In the present study, historical rainfall and climate data pertaining to the study area, Uttar Kannada district, Karnataka, was analyzed with a view to characterizing irrigation water requirements. In addition to rainfall input, an important aspect of the water balance model is the crop evapotranspiration (ETcrop), which is the main factor in determining the irrigation schedule. ETcrop could be estimated by reference evapotranspiration (ET0) and crop coefficient. Atmospheric demand for water is represented by ‘potential evapotranspiration’ (PET) and calculated from climatic variables which is crucial for irrigation planning. It has been reported that the Penman-Monteith method gives more consistently correct ET0 estimates to other ET0 methods. While recognizing the importance of both rainfall and PET, an effective measure is known as the ‘Moisture Availability Index’ (MAI), which is computed as the ratio of 75% dependable rainfall and potential evapotranspiration. An MAI value of 1.00 indicates that dependable precipitation is equal to potential evapotranspiration. An MAI value of 0.33 or less for one month during the crop growing season is considered to be a signal of water deficit resulting reduction in crop yield. The findings of this study on MAI are used to decide the selection of the sowing period of crops so as to avoid water stress during the critical harvesting period.

Analisis Neraca Air dan Prasarana Tampungan Air di DAS Ciujung

Peningkatan jumlah penduduk, laju pertumbuhan ekonomi dan pengembangan wilayah berdampak pada kondisi sumber daya air. Keterbatasan prasarana tampungan air menjadi penyebab pentingnya distribusi sumber daya air secara berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kondisi neraca air dan prasarana tampungan air yang ada di DAS Ciujung. Metode yang digunakan adalah menghitung kebutuhan dan ketersediaan air, Neraca surplus-defisit, Indeks Pemakaian Air (IPA) dan Indeks ketersediaan air per kapita berdasarkan metode SNI 6728.1.2015 serta indikator tampungan air. Ketersediaan air dihitung berdasarkan debit andalan 80% (Q80). Kebutuhan air dihitung dari kebutuhan rumah tangga, perkotaan, industri (RKI), irigasi, peternakan, perikanan dan pemeliharaan sungai. Prasarana tampungan air dihitung melalui indikator tampungan bangunan konservasi air yang ada. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kebutuhan air di DAS Ciujung sebesar 37,52 m3/detik sedangkan ketersediaan airnya sebesar 36,57 m3/detik. Hal ini mengindikasikan adanya defisit air sebesar 0,95 m3/detik. Indeks Pemakaian Air sebesar 1,03 (kategori jelek). Indeks ketersediaan air per kapita sebesar 623,05 (indikasi kelangkaan air). Sedangkan indikator tampungan air sebesar 31,34% (kategori baik). ABSTRACTThe population growth, the rapid rate of economic growth and regional development will have an impact on the condition of water resources. Limited water storage infrastructure is the importance cause of allocating water resources. The objective of study is to know the water balance and water storage infrastructure in Ciujung Watershed. The analysis methods was used to calculate the amount of water supply and demand, to calculate the surplus-deficit balance, Water Consumption index (IPA), Water Availability Index per Capita refers to SNI 6728.1.2015 and water storage indicator. Water supply calculation based on the mainstay discharge of 80% (Q80). Water demands calculation from the demand of households, cities and industries (RKI), irrigation, livestock, fisheries and river maintenance. Capacity of existing water conservation storage used to predict the water storage infrastructure. The results of analysis show that the water demands in Ciujung Watershed is 37,52 m3/second, while the water supply is 36,57 m3/second. This indicates there is a water deficit of 0,95 m3/second. According to calculation, Water Consumption Index is 1,03 (bad category), It resulted that Water availability index per capita is 623,05 (water scarcity indicator). On the other hand, Indicator for water storage is 31,34% (good category).

The Role of the Bank in Meeting the Housing Needs of an Average Household – Evaluation of the Situation in 2018

The aim of the article is to determine the profile of an average Polish household and the possibility of satisfying average housing needs thereof as well as to indicate the role played by the bank in their implementation. The characteristics of an average household, the value of income and expenses thereof, the prices of residential properties and the data of the credit market were determined. statistical studies, The research material was obtained from reports and including data from the Statistics Poland, Eurostat, the database of residential property prices of the National Bank of Poland and the average offer prices of the rental market – for 2018, which reflects the current economic situation. The research was of a quantitative nature (statistical measures, housing availability index, credit simulations). The results indicate that as of 2018 an average household cannot afford to buy or rent a flat. The bank’s role in satisfying housing needs is not only important but rather necessary.

Ethnobotanical study based on the five dimensions of basic life needs in Tidung Tribe of North Kalimantan, Indonesia

Suciyati A, Suryadarma IGP, Paidi Abrori FM. 2021. Ethnobotanical study based on the five dimensions of basic life needs in Tidung Tribe of North Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3199-3208. The Tidung tribe is one of the original inhabitants of North Kalimantan, Indonesia. Research results related to the Tidung tribe, especially those related to ethnobotany, are still rare. This research aimed to make an inventory of plant species used by Tidung Tribe based on the five dimensions of basic life needs of Tidung Tribe. The five dimensions of basic life needs of Tidung Tribe is that plants are useful as food (ngakan), shelter (baloy), health/medicine (sihat), traditional ceremony (adat), and clothing (memana). Informants were obtained by conducting snowball sampling consisting of 22 family heads and as many as 65 people. There were three instruments in the data collection: questionnaires of list of plant species, quantitative plant assessment instruments, and semi-structured interviews. According to the inventory result, Tidung Tribe utilize 60 plant species in their daily life. Most of these plants are used as food (ngakan) and traditional medicine (sihat). The Availability Index and Frequency Use Index data showed that Arecaceae, Pandanaceae, Solanaceae, Zingiberaceae, and Poaceae families were the most widely available plants in the research location and most often used by the community.

Mineral Policy within the Framework of Limited Critical Resources and a Green Energy Transition

The green energy transition is associated with the use of a wide range of metals and minerals that are exhaustible. Most of these minerals are limited in access due to small resource fields, their concentration in several locations and a broader scale of industry usage which is not limited exclusively to energy and environmental sectors. This article classifies 17 minerals that are critical in the green energy transition concerning the 10 main technologies. The following classification signs of metal resources were used: (1) the absolute amount of metals used in the current period for energy;(2) projected annual demand in 2050 from energy technologies as a percentage of the current rate;(3) the number of technologies where there is a need for an individual metal;(4) cumulative emissions of CO₂, which are associated with metal production;(5) period of reserves availability;(6) the number of countries that produced more than 1% of global production;(7) countries with the maximum annual metal productivity. The ranking of metals according to these characteristics was carried out using two scenarios, and the index of the availability of each mineral was determined. The lowest availability index values (up to 0.15) were calculated for cobalt, graphite and lithium, which are key battery minerals for energy storage. Low indices (up to 0.20) were also obtained for iron, nickel and chromium. The calculation of the availability index for each mineral was enhanced with linear trend modelling and the fuzzy logic technique. There are two scenarios of demand–supply commodity systems with a pre-developed forecast up to 2050: basic independent parameter probability and balanced fuzzy sum. Both scenarios showed comparable results, but the second one highlighted supply chain importance. Generally, the lowest availability index values (up to 0.15) were calculated for cobalt, graphite and lithium, which are key battery minerals for energy storage. Low indices (up to 0.20) were also obtained for iron, nickel and chromium. The fuzzy logic model helped to reveal two scenarios up to 2050. The two scenarios presented in the current research expose a high level of uncertainty of the projected 2050 forecast.