scholarly journals Peer Review #2 of "Trichoplax adhaerens reveals a network of nuclear receptors sensitive to 9-cis-retinoic acid at the base of metazoan evolution (v0.1)"

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Baker
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Nuclear Receptors ◽  
Metazoan Evolution ◽  
Trichoplax Adhaerens

scholarly journals Trichoplax adhaerens reveals a network of nuclear receptors sensitive to 9-cis-retinoic acid at the base of metazoan evolution

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Philipp Novotný ◽  
Ahmed Ali Chughtai ◽  
Markéta Kostrouchová ◽  
Veronika Kostrouchová ◽  
David Kostrouch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Nuclear Receptors ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Receptor ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Metazoan Evolution ◽  
Trichoplax Adhaerens ◽  
Algal Food

Trichoplax adhaerens, the only known species of Placozoa is likely to be closely related to an early metazoan that preceded branching of Cnidaria and Bilateria. This animal species is surprisingly well adapted to free life in the World Ocean inhabiting tidal costal zones of oceans and seas with warm to moderate temperatures and shallow waters. The genome of T. adhaerens (sp. Grell) includes four nuclear receptors, namely orthologue of RXR (NR2B), HNF4 (NR2A), COUP-TF (NR2F) and ERR (NR3B) that show a high degree of similarity with human orthologues. In the case of RXR, the sequence identity to human RXR alpha reaches 81% in the DNA binding domain and 70% in the ligand binding domain. We show that T. adhaerens RXR (TaRXR) binds 9-cis retinoic acid (9-cis-RA) with high affinity, as well as high specificity and that exposure of T. adhaerens to 9-cis-RA regulates the expression of the putative T. adhaerens orthologue of vertebrate L-malate-NADP+ oxidoreductase (EC 1.1.1.40) which in vertebrates is regulated by a heterodimer of RXR and thyroid hormone receptor. Treatment by 9-cis-RA alters the relative expression profile of T. adhaerens nuclear receptors, suggesting the existence of natural ligands. Keeping with this, algal food composition has a profound effect on T. adhaerens growth and appearance. We show that nanomolar concentrations of 9-cis-RA interfere with T. adhaerens growth response to specific algal food and causes growth arrest. Our results uncover an endocrine-like network of nuclear receptors sensitive to 9-cis-RA in T. adhaerens and support the existence of a ligand-sensitive network of nuclear receptors at the base of metazoan evolution.

scholarly journals Trichoplax adhaerens reveals an endocrine-like network sensitive to 9-cis-retinoic acid at the base of metazoan evolution

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Philipp Novotný ◽  
Ahmed Ali Chughtai ◽  
Markéta Kostrouchová ◽  
Veronika Kostrouchová ◽  
David Kostrouch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Nuclear Receptors ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Receptor ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Metazoan Evolution ◽  
Trichoplax Adhaerens ◽  
High Degree

Trichoplax adhaerens, the only known species of Placozoa is likely to be closely related to an early metazoan that preceded branching of Cnidaria and Bilateria. This animal species is surprisingly well adapted to free life in the World Ocean inhabiting tidal costal zones of oceans and seas with warm to moderate temperatures and shallow waters. The genome of T. adhaerens (sp. Grell) includes four nuclear receptors, namely homologues of RXR (NR2B), HNF4 (NR2A), COUP (NR2F) and ERR (NR3B) that show a high degree of similarity with human homologues. In the case of RXR, the sequence identity to human RXR alpha reaches 81% in the DNA binding domain and 70 % in the ligand binding domain. We show that T. adhaerens RXR (TaRXR) binds 9-cis retinoic acid (9-cis-RA) with high affinity, as well as high specificity and that exposure of T. adhaerens to 9-cis-RA regulates the expression of the putative T. adhaerens homologue of vertebrate L-malate-NADP+ oxidoreductase (EC 1.1.1.40) which in vertebrates is regulated by a heterodimer of RXR and thyroid hormone receptor. Treatment by 9-cis-RA alters the relative expression profile of T. adhaerens nuclear receptors, suggesting the existence of natural ligands. Keeping with this, algal food composition has profound effect on T. adhaerens growth and appearance. Our results uncover an endocrine-like network of nuclear receptors sensitive to 9-cis-RA in T. adhaerens and support the existence of a ligand-sensitive network of nuclear receptors at the base of metazoan evolution.

scholarly journals Trichoplax adhaerens reveals an endocrine-like network sensitive to 9-cis-retinoic acid at the base of metazoan evolution

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Philipp Novotný ◽  
Ahmed Ali Chughtai ◽  
Markéta Kostrouchová ◽  
Veronika Kostrouchová ◽  
David Kostrouch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Nuclear Receptors ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Receptor ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Metazoan Evolution ◽  
Trichoplax Adhaerens ◽  
High Degree

Trichoplax adhaerens, the only known species of Placozoa is likely to be closely related to an early metazoan that preceded branching of Cnidaria and Bilateria. This animal species is surprisingly well adapted to free life in the World Ocean inhabiting tidal costal zones of oceans and seas with warm to moderate temperatures and shallow waters. The genome of T. adhaerens (sp. Grell) includes four nuclear receptors, namely homologues of RXR (NR2B), HNF4 (NR2A), COUP (NR2F) and ERR (NR3B) that show a high degree of similarity with human homologues. In the case of RXR, the sequence identity to human RXR alpha reaches 81% in the DNA binding domain and 70 % in the ligand binding domain. We show that T. adhaerens RXR (TaRXR) binds 9-cis retinoic acid (9-cis-RA) with high affinity, as well as high specificity and that exposure of T. adhaerens to 9-cis-RA regulates the expression of the putative T. adhaerens homologue of vertebrate L-malate-NADP+ oxidoreductase (EC 1.1.1.40) which in vertebrates is regulated by a heterodimer of RXR and thyroid hormone receptor. Treatment by 9-cis-RA alters the relative expression profile of T. adhaerens nuclear receptors, suggesting the existence of natural ligands. Keeping with this, algal food composition has profound effect on T. adhaerens growth and appearance. Our results uncover an endocrine-like network of nuclear receptors sensitive to 9-cis-RA in T. adhaerens and support the existence of a ligand-sensitive network of nuclear receptors at the base of metazoan evolution.

scholarly journals SMRTε, a corepressor variant, interacts with a restricted subset of nuclear receptors, including the retinoic acid receptors α and β

2012 ◽  
Vol 351 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda J. Mengeling ◽  
Michael L. Goodson ◽  
William Bourguet ◽  
Martin L. Privalsky
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Nuclear Receptors ◽  
Retinoic Acid Receptors

Molecule which changed the view on skin treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
L.Ya. Fedorich
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Nuclear Receptors ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Topical Retinoids ◽  
Acne Therapy ◽  
Universal Mechanism

Objective — to study the modern classification, mechanisms of action and clinical effects of vitamin A derivatives, to analyze retinoid for local treatment of various dermatoses with a universal mechanism of action at the epidermis and dermis levels. Materials and methods. A review of the literature and an analysis of the results of international clinical trials of drugs based on the natural retinoid of the first generation — tretinoin (retinoic acid) is presented. The works of dozens of authors since 1980s to the present day are analyzed. Most sources provide detailed information on the results of topical retinoids in acne therapy, which are the base of clinical guidelines. Long-term (6 months or more) studies of retinoic acid-based preparations carried out in recent decades have discovered the unique clinical effects of tretinoin in the treatment of skin photoaging, actinic keratosis, etc. They are achieved due to the effect of tretinoid on the nuclear receptors of keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Results and discussion. The molecular mechanisms of action of retinoic acid, realizing the cellular and tissue effects of the most studied retinoid, are systematized and grouped in a single review. It has been proven that a unique feature of tretinin is its ability to activate directly all subtypes of RARs- and, indirectly, RARs-nuclear receptors of skin cells. A new modern drug for external use is presented — AltrenoТМ lotion containing micronized 0.05 % tretinoin in combination with sodium hyaluronate, soluble collagen and glycerin. This combination exhibits the expected clinical efficacy in acne therapy and prevents side effects such as dryness, redness and exfoliation. AltrenoТМ is approved for use in children of 9 years of age and older. Conclusions. Tretinoin (retinoic acid) is a modern powerful retinoid with a universal mechanism of action, recommended for the treatment of acne.

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