scholarly journals Constraints on vertebrate athleticism: The temperature dependence of red blood cell volume

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
James JF Gillooly ◽  
Rosana Zenil-Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Aerobic Activity ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Athletic Ability

The ability to perform at high levels of aerobic activity (i.e. athletic ability) increases with temperature among vertebrates. These differences in species’ activity levels, from highly active to sedentary, are reflected in their ecology and behavior. Yet, the changes in the cardiovascular system that allow for greater oxygen supply rates at higher temperatures, and thus greater activity levels, remain unclear. Here we show that vertebrates provide more oxygen to tissues at higher temperatures in part by increasing the total volume of red blood cells in the body. Across 60 species of vertebrates (fishes,amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals), whole-body red blood cell volume increases exponentially with temperature after controlling for effects of body size and taxonomy. These changes are accompanied by increases in relative heart mass, an indicator of athletic ability. The results help explain how temperature-dependent changes in cardiovascular design allow species to overcome the constraints of passive diffusion on oxygen supply.

scholarly journals Constraints on vertebrate athleticism: The temperature dependence of red blood cell volume

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
James JF Gillooly ◽  
Rosana Zenil-Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Aerobic Activity ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Athletic Ability

The ability to perform at high levels of aerobic activity (i.e. athletic ability) increases with temperature among vertebrates. These differences in species’ activity levels, from highly active to sedentary, are reflected in their ecology and behavior. Yet, the changes in the cardiovascular system that allow for greater oxygen supply rates at higher temperatures, and thus greater activity levels, remain unclear. Here we show that vertebrates provide more oxygen to tissues at higher temperatures in part by increasing the total volume of red blood cells in the body. Across 60 species of vertebrates (fishes,amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals), whole-body red blood cell volume increases exponentially with temperature after controlling for effects of body size and taxonomy. These changes are accompanied by increases in relative heart mass, an indicator of athletic ability. The results help explain how temperature-dependent changes in cardiovascular design allow species to overcome the constraints of passive diffusion on oxygen supply.

scholarly journals Ion fluxes and hematological parameters of two teleosts from the Rio Negro, Amazon, exposed to hypoxia

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Baldisserotto ◽  
AR. Chippari-Gomes ◽  
NP. Lopes ◽  
JEPW. Bicudo ◽  
MN. Paula-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Ion Fluxes ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Rio Negro ◽  
Ion Efflux ◽  
Gill Ventilation

The aim of this study was to describe the effect of hypoxia on whole body ion fluxes and hematological parameters in two Amazonian teleosts: Serrasalmus eigenmanni and Metynnis hypsauchen. The increase of Na+ and Cl- effluxes on M. hypsauchen exposed to hypoxia may be related to an increase of gill ventilation and effective respiratory surface area, to avoid a reduction in the oxygen uptake, and/or with the decrease of pHe, that could inhibit Na+ and Cl- transporters and, therefore, reduce influx of these ions. Effluxes of Na+ and Cl- were lower in hypoxia than in normoxia for S. eigenmanni, possibly because in hypoxia this species would reduce gill ventilation and oxygen uptake, which would lead to a decrease of gill ion efflux and, consequently, reducing ion loss. The increase on hematocrit (Ht) during hypoxia in M. hypsauchen probably was caused by an increase of the red blood cell volume (MCV). For S. eigenmanni the increase on glucose possibly results from the usage of glucose reserve mobilization. Metynnis hypsauchen showed to be more sensitive to hypoxia than Serrasalmus eigenmanni, since the first presented more significant alterations on these osmoregulatory and hematological parameters. Nevertheless, the alterations observed for both species are strategies adopted by fishes to preserve oxygen supply to metabolizing tissues during exposure to hypoxia.

Determination of circulating red blood cell volume with radioactive phosphorus

1949 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
R.T. Nieset ◽  
Blanche Porter ◽  
W.S. Trautman ◽  
Ralph M. Bell ◽  
William Parson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Radioactive Phosphorus

scholarly journals Red Blood Cell Volume and the Capacity for Exercise at Moderate to High Altitude

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 643-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Jacobs ◽  
Carsten Lundby ◽  
Paul Robach ◽  
Max Gassmann
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Red Blood Cell

Pediatric Resuscitation: Weight-Based Packed Red Blood Cell Volume Is a Reliable Predictor of Mortality

2018 ◽  
Vol 227 (4) ◽  
pp. S199
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hamidi ◽  
Muhammad Zeeshan ◽  
Narong Kulvatunyou ◽  
Faisal Jehan ◽  
Lynn M. Gries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Reliable Predictor ◽  
Pediatric Resuscitation

scholarly journals Analysis of nitric oxide donor effectiveness in resistance vessels

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (5) ◽  
pp. H2390-H2399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Hyduke ◽  
James C. Liao
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Interstitial Space ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nitric Oxide Donor ◽  
Free Zone ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Resistance Vessels ◽  
No Bioavailability

Decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is associated with a number of pathological conditions. Administration of a supplemental source of NO can counter the pathological effects arising from decreased NO bioavailability. A class of NO-nucleophile adducts that spontaneously release NO (NONOates) has been developed, and its members show promise as therapeutic sources of NO. Because the NONOates release NO spontaneously, a significant portion of the NO may be consumed by the myriad of NO reactive species present in the body. Here we develop a model to analyze the efficacy of NO delivery, by membrane-impermeable NONOates, in the resistance arterioles. Our model identifies three features of blood vessels that will enhance NONOate efficacy: 1) the amount of NO delivered to the abluminal region increases with lumen radius; 2) the presence of a flow-induced red blood cell-free zone will augment NO delivery; and 3) extravasation of the NONOate into the interstitial space will increase abluminal NO delivery. These results suggest that NONOates may be more effective in larger vessels and that NONOate efficacy can be altered by modifying permeability to the interstitial space.

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