Ion fluxes and hematological parameters of two teleosts from the Rio Negro, Amazon, exposed to hypoxia

The aim of this study was to describe the effect of hypoxia on whole body ion fluxes and hematological parameters in two Amazonian teleosts: Serrasalmus eigenmanni and Metynnis hypsauchen. The increase of Na+ and Cl- effluxes on M. hypsauchen exposed to hypoxia may be related to an increase of gill ventilation and effective respiratory surface area, to avoid a reduction in the oxygen uptake, and/or with the decrease of pHe, that could inhibit Na+ and Cl- transporters and, therefore, reduce influx of these ions. Effluxes of Na+ and Cl- were lower in hypoxia than in normoxia for S. eigenmanni, possibly because in hypoxia this species would reduce gill ventilation and oxygen uptake, which would lead to a decrease of gill ion efflux and, consequently, reducing ion loss. The increase on hematocrit (Ht) during hypoxia in M. hypsauchen probably was caused by an increase of the red blood cell volume (MCV). For S. eigenmanni the increase on glucose possibly results from the usage of glucose reserve mobilization. Metynnis hypsauchen showed to be more sensitive to hypoxia than Serrasalmus eigenmanni, since the first presented more significant alterations on these osmoregulatory and hematological parameters. Nevertheless, the alterations observed for both species are strategies adopted by fishes to preserve oxygen supply to metabolizing tissues during exposure to hypoxia.

Download Full-text

Constraints on vertebrate athleticism: The temperature dependence of red blood cell volume

10.7287/peerj.preprints.154v1 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

James JF Gillooly ◽

Rosana Zenil-Ferguson

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

Cell Volume ◽

Red Blood Cell ◽

Oxygen Supply ◽

The Body ◽

Whole Body ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Aerobic Activity ◽

Highly Active ◽

Athletic Ability

The ability to perform at high levels of aerobic activity (i.e. athletic ability) increases with temperature among vertebrates. These differences in species’ activity levels, from highly active to sedentary, are reflected in their ecology and behavior. Yet, the changes in the cardiovascular system that allow for greater oxygen supply rates at higher temperatures, and thus greater activity levels, remain unclear. Here we show that vertebrates provide more oxygen to tissues at higher temperatures in part by increasing the total volume of red blood cells in the body. Across 60 species of vertebrates (fishes,amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals), whole-body red blood cell volume increases exponentially with temperature after controlling for effects of body size and taxonomy. These changes are accompanied by increases in relative heart mass, an indicator of athletic ability. The results help explain how temperature-dependent changes in cardiovascular design allow species to overcome the constraints of passive diffusion on oxygen supply.

Download Full-text

Effect of reduced hemoglobin concentration on leg oxygen uptake during maximal exercise in humans

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1993.75.2.491 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 75 (2) ◽

pp. 491-498 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

W. Schaffartzik ◽

E. D. Barton ◽

D. C. Poole ◽

K. Tsukimoto ◽

M. C. Hogan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Blood Cell ◽

Red Blood Cell ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Random Order ◽

Barometric Pressure ◽

Whole Body ◽

Cell Spacing ◽

O2 Delivery

Maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) is affected by hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]). Whether this is simply due to altered convection of O2 into the muscle microcirculation or also to [Hb]-dependent diffusive transport of O2 out of the muscle capillary is unknown in humans. To examine this, seven healthy volunteers performed four maximal cycle exercise bouts at sea level immediately after 8 wk at altitude (3,801 m, barometric pressure 485 Torr), a sojourn designed to increase [Hb]. The first two bouts were at ambient [Hb] of 15.9 +/- 0.7 g/100 ml breathing 21 or 12% O2 in random order. [Hb] was then decreased to a prealtitude level of 13.8 +/- 0.6 g/100 ml by venesection and isovolemic replacement with 5% albumin in 0.9% saline, and the exercise bouts were repeated. At whole body VO2max, PO2, PCO2, pH, and O2 saturation were measured in radial arterial and femoral venous blood. Femoral venous thermodilution blood flow was determined for calculation of leg VO2. Mean muscle capillary PO2 and muscle diffusing capacity (DO2) were computed by Bohr integration between measured arterial and femoral venous PO2. Averaged over both fractional concentrations of inspired O2, leg VO2 at maximum decreased by 17.7 +/- 4.3% as [Hb] was lowered while leg O2 delivery decreased by 17.5 +/- 2.6% and DO2 decreased by 10.7 +/- 2.7% (all P < 0.05). The relative contributions of decreases in leg O2 delivery and DO2 to the decrease in VO2max were computed to be 64 and 36%, respectively. These findings suggest that [Hb] is an important determinant of O2 diffusion rates into working muscle in humans. Possible mechanisms include 1) dependence of DO2 on intracapillary red blood cell spacing, 2) changes in the total rate of dissociation of O2 from [Hb], and 3) increased red blood cell flow heterogeneity as [Hb] is reduced.

Download Full-text

Constraints on vertebrate athleticism: The temperature dependence of red blood cell volume

10.7287/peerj.preprints.154 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

James JF Gillooly ◽

Rosana Zenil-Ferguson

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

Cell Volume ◽

Red Blood Cell ◽

Oxygen Supply ◽

The Body ◽

Whole Body ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Aerobic Activity ◽

Highly Active ◽

Athletic Ability

Download Full-text

Reference intervals for hematology test parameters from apparently healthy individuals in southwest Ethiopia

SAGE Open Medicine ◽

10.1177/2050312118807626 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 205031211880762 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Lealem Gedefaw Bimerew ◽

Tesfaye Demie ◽

Kaleab Eskinder ◽

Aklilu Getachew ◽

Shiferaw Bekele ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Platelet Count ◽

Blood Cell ◽

White Blood Cell ◽

Red Blood Cell ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Age Groups ◽

Reference Interval ◽

Reference Intervals ◽

Southwest Ethiopia ◽

Apparently Healthy

Background: Clinical laboratory reference intervals are an important tool to identify abnormal laboratory test results. The generating of hematological parameters reference intervals for local population is very crucial to improve quality of health care, which otherwise may lead to unnecessary expenditure or denying care for the needy. There are no well-established reference intervals for hematological parameters in southwest Ethiopia. Objective: To generate hematological parameters reference intervals for apparently healthy individuals in southwest Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted involving 883 individuals from March to May 2017. Four milliliter of blood sample was collected and transported to Jimma University Medical Center Laboratory for hematological analysis and screening tests. A hematological parameters were measured by Sysmex XS-500i hematology analyzer (Sysmex Corporation Kobe, Japan). The data were analyzed by SPSS version 20 statistical software. The non-parametric independent Kruskal–Wallis test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test (Mann–Whitney U test) were used to compare the parameters between age groups and genders. The 97.5 percentile and 2.5 percentile were the upper and lower reference limit for the population. Results: The reference interval of red blood cell, white blood cell, and platelet count in children were 4.99 × 1012/L (4.26–5.99 × 1012/L), 7.04 × 109/L (4.00–11.67 × 109/L), and 324.00 × 109/L (188.00–463.50 × 109/L), respectively. The reference interval of red blood cell, white blood cell, and platelet count in adults was 5.19 × 1012/L (4.08–6.33 × 1012/L), 6.35 × 109/L (3.28–11.22 × 109/L), and 282.00 × 109/L (172.50–415.25 × 109/L), respectively. The reference interval of red blood cell, white blood cell, and platelet count in geriatrics were 5.02 × 1012/L (4.21–5.87 × 1012/L), 6.21 × 109/L (3.33–10.03 × 109/L), and 265.50 × 109/L (165.53–418.80 × 109/L), respectively. Most of the hematological parameters showed significant differences across all age groups. Conclusion: Most of the hematological parameters in this study showed differences from similar studies done in the country. This study provided population-specific hematological reference interval for southwest Ethiopians. Reference intervals should also be established in the other regions of the country.

Download Full-text

Footstrike is the major cause of hemolysis during running

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00631.2001 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 94 (1) ◽

pp. 38-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 127

Author(s):

R. D. Telford ◽

G. J. Sly ◽

A. G. Hahn ◽

R. B. Cunningham ◽

C. Bryant ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Blood Cell ◽

Red Blood Cell ◽

Random Order ◽

Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽

Red Cell ◽

Free Hemoglobin ◽

Serum Haptoglobin ◽

Total Hemoglobin ◽

Exercise Induced

There is a wide body of literature reporting red cell hemolysis as occurring after various forms of exercise. Whereas the trauma associated with footstrike is thought to be the major cause of hemolysis after running, its significance compared with hemolysis that results from other circulatory stresses on the red blood cell has not been thoroughly addressed. To investigate the significance of footstrike, we measured the degree of hemolysis after 1 h of running. To control for the potential effects of oxidative and circulatory stresses on the red blood cell, the same subjects cycled for 1 h at equivalent oxygen uptake. Our subjects were 10 male triathletes, who each completed two separate 1-h sessions of running and cycling at 75% peak oxygen uptake, which were performed in random order 1 wk apart. Plasma free hemoglobin and serum haptoglobin concentrations were measured as indicators of hemolysis. We also measured methemoglobin as a percentage of total hemoglobin immediately postexercise as an indicator of red cell oxidative stress. Plasma free hemoglobin increased after both running ( P < 0.01) and cycling ( P < 0.01), but the increase was fourfold greater after running ( P < 0.01). This was reflected by a significant fall in haptoglobin 1 h after the running trials, whereas no significant changes occurred after cycling at any sample point. Methemoglobin increased twofold after both running and cycling ( P < 0.01), with no significant differences between modes of exercise. The present data indicate that, whereas general circulatory trauma to the red blood cells associated with 1 h of exercise at 75% maximal oxygen uptake may result in some exercise-induced hemolysis, footstrike is the major contributor to hemolysis during running.

Download Full-text

The effect of ETH 1001 on ion fluxes across red blood cell membranes

Cell Calcium ◽

10.1016/0143-4160(85)90011-9 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 265-279 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Thomas R. Hinds ◽

Frank F. Vincenzi

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

Red Blood Cell ◽

Cell Membranes ◽

Ion Fluxes ◽

Red Blood Cell Membranes

Download Full-text

Red Blood Cell Variables in Children and Adolescents regarding the Age and Sex

Iranian Journal of Public Health ◽

10.18502/ijph.v48i4.1004 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jasmina PLUNCEVIC GLIGOROSKA ◽

Serjoza GONTAREV ◽

Beti DEJANOVA ◽

Lidija TODOROVSKA ◽

Daniela SHUKOVA STOJMANOVA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Red Blood Cell ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Female Group ◽

Distribution Width ◽

Hematological Indices ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Age And Sex

Background: This study aimed to assess the basic red blood cell variables and hematological indices in children and adolescents and analyze the differences regarding age and sex. Methods: Overall, 320 young participants, age 8 to 18 yr, were enrolled at Laboratory of Sport’s Medicine, Medical Faculty, Skopje, Macedonia in 2016. Capillary blood samples were drawn and following hematologic parameters were measured: the red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), hematocrit level (Hct) and hematological indexes: mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean hemoglobin concentration (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and red cell distribution width (RDW). Results: RBC variables in male group showed high statistical level of significance between age different groups (P=0.001) for all studied parameters except MCHC (P=0.423) and RDW (P=0.174). ANOVA test and multivariate tests in female group showed that there was no significant difference for all hematological parameters between age different groups. Regarding the sex differences, male participants had significantly higher red blood count (P<0.001), hemoglobin content (P<0.001) and hematocrit (P<0.001). Conclusion: Hematological parameters in adolescent as inhomogeneous population are not quantified sufficiently, especially hematological indices. RBC variables, regardless of the age, differ very much between male and female examinees, in favor of the male examinees. Hematological indices were insignificantly higher in males. Regarding the age of examinees, RBC variables showed significant inter-groups differences only within male adolescents. While with girls, ages span 8 to 18 yr, we did not find significant differences for most of the hematological variables.

Download Full-text

Hematological and biochemical profile of person with macrocytic anemia in a tertiary health care centre of Nepal

Journal of Pathology of Nepal ◽

10.3126/jpn.v10i2.30225 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 1722-1727

Author(s):

Rakesh Pathak ◽

Sujata Pudasaini ◽

Sushmita Ghimire ◽

Anil Singh Basnyat ◽

Anuj KC

Keyword(s):

Folic Acid ◽

Blood Cell ◽

Red Blood Cell ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Blood Smear ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Macrocytic Anemia ◽

Peripheral Blood Smear ◽

Blood Smear Examination ◽

Red Blood Cell Indices

Background: Anemia is a nutritional problem worldwide with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality in all age groups. Macrocytic anemia often originates from abnormalities that impair the erythroid precursor maturation in the bone marrow. Since the clinical manifestations of different types of anemias are similar, hematological parameters including hemoglobin, Red blood cell indices, and Peripheral Blood Smear examination are useful in the diagnosis of anemia. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done in the Department of Pathology at Nepal Medical College Teaching hospital. A total of 42 patients between 14 to 62 years with low Hb concentration according to the World Health Organization criteria for anemia were selected and a mean cell volume > 100 fL was taken for study. Peripheral blood smear examination, Red blood cell indices, Vitamin B12, and Folic acid level were evaluated. Results: There were 42 patients with macrocytic anemia enrolled in the study with a mean age of 31.85±12.49 years and with female preponderance. Hemoglobin level was slightly low in males compared to females. Red blood cell indices were slightly higher in males. The difference of serum Vit B12 and Folic acid in male and female was found to be significant. Conclusions: It was concluded that for the diagnosis of a specific type of anemia, hemoglobin, Red blood cell indices, reticulocytes percent, and PBS examination were important parameters. Serum Folic acid and Vitamin B12 level estimation along with other hematological parameters are important for the diagnosis of macrocytic anemia and its correlation

Download Full-text

Reduced oxygen supply explains the negative force-frequency relation and the positive inotropic effect of adenosine in buffer-perfused hearts

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.00896.2003 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 289 (1) ◽

pp. H131-H136 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Rodrigo M. Marin ◽

Kleber G. Franchini

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

Red Blood Cell ◽

Oxygen Supply ◽

Positive Inotropic Effect ◽

Left Ventricular Pressure ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Inotropic Effect ◽

Force Frequency ◽

Frequency Relation ◽

Perfused Hearts

In isolated rat hearts perfused with HEPES and red blood cell-enriched buffers, we examined changes in left ventricular pressure induced by increases in heart rate or infusion of adenosine to investigate whether the negative force-frequency relation and the positive inotropic effect of adenosine are related to an inadequate oxygen supply provided by crystalloid perfusates. Hearts perfused with HEPES buffer at a constant flow demonstrated a negative force-frequency relation, whereas hearts perfused with red blood cell-enriched buffer exhibited a positive force-frequency relation. In contrast, HEPES buffer-perfused hearts showed a concentration-dependent increase in left ventricular systolic pressure [EC50 = 7.0 ± 1.2 nM, maximal effect (Emax) = 104 ± 2 and 84 ± 2 mmHg at 0.1 μM and baseline, respectively] in response to adenosine, whereas hearts perfused with red blood cell-enriched buffer showed no change in left ventricular pressure. The positive inotropic effect of adenosine correlated with the simultaneous reduction in heart rate ( r = 0.67, P < 0.01; EC50 = 3.8 ± 1.4 nM, baseline 228 ± 21 beats/min to a minimum of 183 ± 22 beats/min at 0.1 μM) and was abolished in isolated hearts paced to suppress the adenosine-induced bradycardia. In conclusion, these results indicate that the negative force-frequency relation and the positive inotropic effect of adenosine in the isolated rat heart are related to myocardial hypoxia, rather than functional peculiarities of the rat heart.

Download Full-text