Federal Aviation Administration’s Probability of Detection Testing Results for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM)

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has been participating with the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Aerospace Industry Steering Committee (AISC) to develop a methodology for calculating the Probability of Detection (POD) for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) for damage detection on commercial aviation. Two POD methodologies were developed: one by Dr. William Meeker, Iowa State University, and the other by Dennis Roach, Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). With Dr. Seth Kessler, Metis Design Corp, a test program of 24 samples of aluminum strips to be fatigued on MTS machines was developed. The samples were designed to meet the ASTM E647. Twelve samples had two SHM modalities on the front and back from Metis (PZT and carbon nanotubes), and the other twelve had SHM sensors from Structural Monitoring Systems (SMS) (comparative vacuum monitoring – CVM) and Acellent Technologies (PZT). The tests were performed at the FAA William J Hughes Technical Center in Atlantic City, NJ. The samples were cycled every 1500 cycles and then stopped for SHM data collection. Once the crack exceeded 0.125 inches and provided for a minimum of 15 inspections, a new sample was tested until all 12 samples were completed. The data was provided to each company to be set up in the format needed to run through the POD methodologies. Then the data was provided to Dr. Meeker and Dr. Roach for analysis. This paper will provide the results of those tests.

The proposed Eko Atlantic City project, Victoria Island, Lagos: Preliminary impact assessment of land reclamation on the aquatic lives and climate change

The effects of climate change in the face of land reclamation among other anthropogenic activities are of great concern to aquatic genetic resources and biodiversity. This study was designed to assess the preliminary impact of the proposed Eko Atlantic City (EAC) project on the aquatic lives and/or biodiversity, and the level of development and challenges that have implications on climate change in Victoria Island and its environs in Lagos State, Nigeria. The selected areas such as Lamgbasa, Badore, Ajah and Victoria Island were evaluated using the snowball sampling approach, whereby 111 respondents were assessed. Results showed that land reclamation and construction activities had impacted on the aquatic lives and the primitive fishing occupation (5.5%). Respondents (44.4%) agreed that the on-going EAC had contributed to the development of Lagos State, however, negative impacts of climate change such as ocean surge, sea level rise, flooding among others were high but with low level of adaptive capacity agreement (41.7%). Furthermore, analysis showed varying degrees in the extent of severity of problems encountered from climate change effects such as rainfall, flooding, temperature, health issues among others. The study revealed that these communities were susceptible or vulnerable to the impacts of climate change such as coastal erosion, flooding, storm/ocean surge, sea level rise etc and importantly loss of non- renewable aquatic genetic resources. The government is hereby advised to have sound policies for adaptation and mitigation strategies to protect these non-renewable genetic resources and effect of climate change activities. Les effets du changement climatique face à la mise en valeur des terres, entre autres activités anthropiques, sont très préoccupants pour les ressources génétiques aquatiques et la biodiversité. Cette étude a été conçue pour évaluer l'impact préliminaire du projet proposé Eko Atlantic City (EAC) sur la vie aquatique et / ou la biodiversité, ainsi que le niveau de développement et les défis qui ont des implications sur le changement climatique dans l'île Victoria et ses environs dans l'État de Lagos, Nigeria. Les zones sélectionnées telles que Lamgbasa, Badore, Ajah et Victoria Island ont été évaluées à l'aide de la méthode d'échantillonnage en boule de neige, qui a permis d'évaluer 111 répondants. Les résultats ont montré que la remise en état des terres et les activités de construction avaient eu un impact sur la vie aquatique et l'occupation de la pêche primitive (5.5%). Les répondants (44.4%) ont convenu que l'EAC en cours avait contribué au développement de l'État de Lagos, cependant, les impacts négatifs du changement climatique tels que la montée des océans, l'élévation du niveau de la mer, les inondations, entre autres, étaient élevés mais avec un faible niveau d'accord de capacité d'adaptation (41.7%). En outre, l'analyse a montré des degrés divers dans l'étendue de la gravité des problèmes liés aux effets du changement climatique tels que les précipitations, les inondations, la température, les problèmes de santé, entre autres. L'étude a révélé que ces communautés étaient sensibles ou vulnérables aux impacts du changement climatique tels que l'érosion côtière, les inondations, les tempêtes / ondes océaniques, l'élévation du niveau de la mer, etc. et surtout la perte de ressources génétiques aquatiques non renouvelables. Il est conseillé au gouvernement de se doter de politiques solides pour les stratégies d'adaptation et d'atténuation afin de protéger ces ressources génétiques non renouvelables et les effets des activités liées aux changements climatiques.