Maltrato entre escolares: Diagnóstico en estudiantes de nivel secundaria en la Ciudad de México

RESUMEN: La finalidad del artículo fue indagar el tipo de maltrato presente entre adolescentes mexicanos. Participaron 480 estudiantes de segundo grado de secundaria (13.72 años de edad promedio con una desviación estándar de .60), pertenecientes a 12 escuelas públicas del Distrito Federal, México. Se adaptó el cuestionario del Defensor del Pueblo de España (2007) para la recopilación de los datos. Los resultados obtenidos indican que en todas las escuelas participantes se manifestaron los diferentes tipos de maltrato contemplados en el instrumento, incluidos los que ocurren mediante el uso de las TIC. El porcentaje de estudiantes espectadores (que habían observado maltrato) fue mayor respecto a quienes manifestaron haber recibido y realizado alguno de los tipos de maltrato escolar investigados. En cuanto a las diferencias entre hombres y mujeres, ellas manifestaron realizar más frecuentemente maltrato indirecto, mientras que los varones indicaron realizar con mayor frecuencia tanto conductas de acoso directo como indirecto.Diagnosis of type of Bullying in eight grade students from Mexico CityABSTRACT: The purpose of this paper was to investigate the type of bullying among Mexican adolescents. 480 students (average 13.72 years with a standard deviation of .60) attended eight grade in 12 public schools in Mexico City responded an adaptation of the questionnaire of the Ombudsman of Spain (2007). Data from the survey indicated that in all participating schools exist the different types of abuse explored by the instrument, including those that occur through the use of ICT. The percentage of spectators (students who had observed abuse) was higher compared to those who said they had received and performed some of the types of investigated school bullying. As for the differences between gender, women expressed more frequently perform indirect abuse, whereas males reported conduct most often both direct and indirect harassment.

“It Does Affect Me”

Aggressive and delinquent behaviors in preadolescents may be indicators of problems suffered at home from direct child abuse by one or both parents or indirect abuse, such as exposure to domestic violence. A total of 532 Italian preadolescents recruited in their schools took part in this study. They completed a self-report questionnaire measuring direct child abuse from mothers and fathers, exposure to mother-to-father and father-to-mother violence, and externalizing delinquent and aggressive behaviors. Results indicated high levels of delinquent and aggressive behavior, compared to normative data, as well as high levels of reported direct and indirect family abuse. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated an independent significant effect for gender, mother- to-father violence, and both paternal child abuse and maternal child abuse. Discussion includes the importance of addressing externalizing problems of adolescents as indicators of family-related abuse, which may require multiple interventions and coordination between different agencies that work with children.