Advance Live-Well Deployment System in Caspian Sea Wells

Over the past years the usage of coiled tubing as a prefer method to deploy long and heavy guns in highly deviated wells has been widely spread in the oil industry to provide a single run without killing the well, perforate in underbalance conditions, reduce risks and improve job efficiency. The three wells are located in the Caspian Sea. In two wells, the objective was to isolate lower intervals and perforate a new zone through tubing and casing between two packers. On the other well, the objective was to perforate a new interval through casing after running a new completion and isolate lower production zones. Due to the challenges involving gross length of the new intervals, guns size, well deviation and live deployment needs several techniques were evaluated. The best approach was to use an Advance Live-Well Deployment (ALWD) system to deploy and retrieve the guns with a tube wire-enabled Coiled Tubing Telemetry (CTT) system focus on both safety and cost saving compare with conventional wireline perforating. Extensive job planning involved coiled tubing (CT) simulations to reach target depths, shock loading modeling to ensure forces are within CT string limitations, system integration test to verify deployment/reverse technique procedure and system communication to electrically activate guns. CTT integrated sensor assembly was used during deployment/reverse operation with a tension, compression and torque (TCT) sub-assembly to monitor accurate upward/downward forces. In addition, CTT logging adapter assembly was used for depth correlation and electrical guns activation. The ALWD system; composed by connectors and deployment blow out preventor (BOP), prove to be an efficient way to run, perforate and retrieve gross intervals of 212 m, 246 m and 104 m with guns successfully. During all these jobs several lessons learnt were created in order to improve the deployment/reverse procedure for future jobs including not only operational steps but also deployment/reverse bottom-hole assembly (BHA) configurations. Based on the success of these case histories, the ALWD combined with CTT system has been proven to be the preferred method when dealing with long perforation intervals in life well conditions, thru-tubing environment.

The study of knowledge, attitude and practice about abortion and technology at the tertiary centre in the region of Mewar, Rajasthan, India

Background: Availability of safe, effective and acceptable abortion-care services is one of the most important aspects of women’s reproductive health. Unsafe abortion is one of the four main causes of maternal mortality and morbidity. To study knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding abortion and methods used among/for women of child bearing age to formulate recommendation for improving the safe abortion servicesMethods: This prospective study was done among 100 cases who came for MTP at department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, RNT medical college, Udaipur during November and December 2017. Data was collected using a self-semi structured questionnaire related to abortion technology.Results: 58% of women knew that there were provisions for abortion in public hospitals but only 38% of them knew that abortion should be performed/carried out by a trained doctor only. 70% of the women knew that there were medicines available for abortion (MMA) but only 20% of them knew how and from where to avail them. 69% knew about other methods and that D and E can be done in hospitals both at private and public sector, 25% knew the complications related to unsafe abortion. About the attitude almost all women wanted abortion should be done if needed only 10% knew that abortion is legal. 66% of women consider MMA to be safe and 27% of women consider contraception is necessary.Conclusions: Majority of women have positive attitude towards the abortion. The most prefer method chosen for abortion was medical method of abortion (MMA).

Influence of Testing Methods on Setting Time of Foam Concrete

As a porous material, foam concrete can be manufactured not only into building materials with good heat insulation performance, but also into materials with good water permeability, and by properly controlling the size and shape of the pores, the foam concrete can be used as acoustic material to meet People's increasing demand for functional materials. Therefore, the development of foam concrete has a vast potential for future market. Though the setting time of foam concrete is one of the key technical parameters for the preparation of high performance foam concrete, there is no standard method for the testing of the foam concrete’s setting time. That militates against the development of foam concrete greatly. In this paper, two methods were used to measure the setting time of foam concrete. The results show that the offset value of the foam concrete’s initial setting time measured by the two different methods increases with the increasing of foam volume adding to the foam concrete which use the Portland cement and Portland cement-mineral admixture as binder. Finally, a prefer method to test the foam concrete’s initial setting time was selected.

Collaborative Study of Determination of Silicon in Agricultural Liming Materials

Six samples of liming materials, including carbonates and silicates, were analyzed for silicon content by: (I) The AOAC method; (II) the AOAC method plus volatilization of SiO2 with HF; (III) the AOAC method, omitting the Na2CO3 fusion of the sample, including the HClO4 dehydration of SiO2, plus HF volatilization of SiO2; and (IV) a colorimetric method. Nine collaborators reported results by Methods I, II, and III and eleven by Method IV. Precision of the methods was good; no method was superior for all samples. Method I gave high results for most samples; the average result with Method I for a standard sample of dolomite was high, but that for a standard limestone was near the certificate value. Average results by Methods II, III, and IV for the standard samples were near certificate values. The collaborators appeared to prefer Method IV.