All about cellulite: a review of the causes, treatments and new technologies

Cellulite is an aesthetic condition that affects the vast majority of post-pubescent females worldwide. It is difficult to treat, and any results are difficult to maintain. Subcutaneous fibrous septa, anchoring the skin to the underlying tissue and piercing the subcutaneous fat perpendicular to the dermis, lead to the dimpled or wavy topography of the surface. Treatment to improve cellulite must include release of these septa, as well as strengthening of the dermis. As the causes of cellulite are multifactorial, combination treatments, including surgical subcision, lasers, radiofrequency, microfocused ultrasound, acoustic wave therapy and collagenase, are the best option for significant and long-lasting cellulite improvement. Optimum treatment protocols are yet to be determined.

Metallurgical and Mechanical Properties of Wire-Mesh Reinforced Dissimilar Explosive Cladding

Explosive cladding employs a controlled chemical explosive detonation to craft a metallurgical bond between similar and dissimilar metals. Aluminum 5052-copper and aluminum 5052-aluminum 1100 plates are explosively cladded with a stainless steel wire-mesh, having 900 orientation between them, at varied loading ratios (mass of explosive/mass of flyer plate). Microstructural, corrosion and mechanical properties of the clad were evaluated as per relevant standards and the results are presented. The dissimilar wire-mesh interlayered explosive clad reveal wavy topography, with the interfacial wave amplitude and wavelength proportional to loading ratio, R. The mechanical behavior of wire-mesh reinforced clad is better than weaker aluminum parent plate.

Exact Floquet theory for waves over arbitrary periodic topographies

We consider linear waves propagating over periodic topographies of arbitrary amplitude and wave form, generalizing the method in Howard & Yu (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 593, 2007, pp. 209–234). By a judicious construction of a conformal map from the flow domain to a uniform strip, exact solutions of Floquet type can be developed in the mapped plane. These Floquet solutions, in an essentially analytical form, are analogous to the complete set of flat-bottom propagating and evanescent waves. Therefore they can be used as a basis for the solutions of boundary value problems involving a wavy topography with a constant mean water depth. Various concrete examples are given and quantitative results are discussed. Comparisons with experimental data are made, and qualitative agreement is achieved.