Public Perception on the Existence of Macaca hecki and Macaca tonkeana in Protected Forest and Pangi Binangga Nature Reserve of Central Sulawesi

Wildlife is one of the biological natural resources that can be use it sustainably and sustainably, because wildlife is a natural resource renewable or renewable biological (renewable resources). This study aims to determine public perception of the exixtence of Macaca hecki and Macaca tonkeana in Protected Forest and Pangi Binangga Nature Reserve of Central Sulawesi. This research was carried out along the Palu-Parigi trans road which is in the Protected Forest and Pangi Binangga Nature Reserve, Central Sulawesi Province in April - June 2021. The results showed that presence of endemic Sulawesi macaque (M. hecki and M. tonkeana) along the Palu-Parigi trans road which is in the Protected Forest and Pangi Binangga Nature Reserve area causes various problems such as people experiencing unpleasant events with the presence of macaque, stolen goods, enter into community plantations, and damage various types of agricultural crops (avocado, cloves, cocoa, and several other fruits).

Where and what? Frugivory is associated with more efficient foraging in three semi-free ranging primate species

Foraging in seasonal environments can be cognitively challenging. Comparative studies have associated brain size with a frugivorous diet. We investigated how fruit distribution ( where ) and preference ( what ) affect foraging decisions in three semi-free ranging primate species with different degrees of frugivory: Macaca tonkeana ( N indiv = 5; N trials = 430), M. fascicularis ( N indiv = 3; N trials = 168) and Sapajus apella ( N indiv = 6; N trials = 288). We used 36 boxes fixed on trees and filled with highly and less preferred fruits with different (weekly) spatio-temporal distributions. Individuals were tested in two conditions: (1) same fruit provided concurrently in the same quantity but in a scattered and in a clumped distribution, (2) highly preferred fruit was scattered while the less preferred was clumped. Generally, primates preferred feeding first on the boxes of the clumped distribution in both conditions, with the more frugivorous species at a higher degree than the less frugivorous species in condition (1), but not (2). Therefore, what fruit was available changed the foraging decisions of the more frugivorous species who also engaged more in goal-directed travel. When feeding on preferred fruit, primates probably maximized foraging efficiency regardless of their degree of frugivory. Our findings emphasize that the food type and distribution may be a preponderant driver in cognitive evolution.

Habituasi Kelompok Bercampur Macaca tonkeana-hecki: Peluang Dan Tantangan

Habituasi Kelompok Bercampur Macaca tonkeana-hecki telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai Juli 2016 di Cagar Alam Pangi Binangga, Sulawesi Tengah, Indonesia. Menurut informasi penduduk lokal, terdapat dua kelompok yang sering terlihat yaitu kelompok Salubay yang lokasinya berada di tempat pembuangan buah-buahan dan sayuran busuk oleh para penjual buah yang merupakan warga lokal setempat dan kelompok Gunung Batu yang berada di sekitar tebing, jurang dan dekat dengan sungai. Kelompok Salubay cukup sulit ditemukan, dan belum ada individu yang dapat di dekati, dari kelompok ini dan jalur home range mereka belum diketahui. Kelompok Gunung Batu merupakan kelompok yang lebih sering ditemukan selama proses habituasi dan kami dapat mendekati seluruh anggota kelompok selama habituasi dilakukan. Pada sensus pertama (Januari-Februari 2016) ditemukan 29 individu, sedangkan pada sensus kedua (Maret-Juli 2016) dijumpai 23 individu. Tantangan yang dihadapi selama proses habituasi yang meliputi: lokasi penelitian yang berada di daerah yang curam dan terjal, konflik dengan masyarakat lokal dan lokasi home range Macaca yang berada dekat dengan jalan poros dijelaskan dengan rinci dalam artikel ini