The Problem of Mind and Reason and Its Philosophical and Educational Solution by V.V. Davydov

The article considers the philosophical and educational solution to the problem of mind and reason in the work of V.V. Davydov. The authors’ attention is focused on the dialectic of the correlation of the categories of ‘reason’ and ‘mind’. It is argued that reason and mind appear not just as levels, but also as ways of thinking, ways of human world-relation. The basis for distinguishing between mind and reason is the presence in human activity of two levels: adaptive-using and creative-transformative. Reason works in opposition to the subject-object, while the mind has an attitude towards reality as a ‘subject’. External reason applies its scheme to the object, while mind transforms the form of its movement so that it corresponds to the essence of the matter. Reason is a formal culture of thinking, mind is entirely substantial. Reason as a way of thinking is generated by a practice that does not need to master its substantial (primarily social-historical, human) content — the practice of adaptation and use. It flourishes most magnificently in the conditions of reification of social relations, when they are separated from individuals and confront them as an external, alien, formal reality. V.V. Davydov’s achievment is the allocation of two types of generalization in educational activity: rational-empirical and reasonablе-theoretical, and the justification of the possibility and necessity of such a transformation of all didactics so that the teaching would contribute to the development of theoretical thinking. Only in this case can one seriously talk about developmental education.

Ethik als Ausweis christlicher Identität bei Justin Martyr

Ethics have Iong been a neglected matter in schalarship on early Christian apologetics. However, a closer Iook at the composition of the texts of Justin Martyr teaches us how important the references to Christi an ethics actually are in the run of his argument. The external reason forthat lies in the fact that Justin wants to prove the legal proceedings against the Christians in the Roman empire to be unjust and absurd. The inner reason is that he interprets Christianity as »true philosophy«: in view of the understanding of »philosophy~< in his pagan environment, this brings about fundamental ethical implications. Both his apologies and the dialogue with Trypho show how Justin employs ethical convictions as a criterio for Christian identity and as a trait of difference between Christianity and Paganism on the one hand, and between Christianity and Judaism on the other.

A Review on the Efficient Management of Court Receivership

The constant maintenance, growth and development of the corporation is the basic motto and objective of a corporation. The recent intensification of the limitless competition across the national borders has resulted in significant changes in management environment. Differences in corporations’ abilities to face such rapid environmental changes can now critically determine their corporate destiny. Some will prosper while others will go bankrupt For example, stagnation of real estate economy for recent 2 years has brought about the bankruptcy of many major construction companies such as Hanyang, Yuwon, Woosung, Kunyoung and Dongshin. This year, even big conglomerates such as Jinro, Daenong and Kia are experiencing serious debt problems. The reasons for this bankruptcy parade vary. First, the increasing unpredictability in the market can be pointed out as the external reason for bankruptcy. The corporation's reckless expansion policy without developing its ability to manage the coming crises should be listed as the second reason. The bankruptcy of a corporation having a certain size and gravity can lead to a huge social and economic consequences. This not only results in an imbalance of the industrial sector where the company belongs to but also threatens the survival of the companies having a relationship with it. Not to mention the conflicts among different interest owners.