Effects of underscoring on the perception of closure and intensity in film excerpts

In 3 experiments, we examined the influence of musical underscoring on judgments of closure in filmed events. In Experiment 1, a 12 s animated episode was judged to end with greater closure if underscoring was strongly closed than if it was weakly closed. This influence of music was implicit: When asked to justify their judgments, participants mainly cited only qualities of the visual information. Experiment 2 provided evidence that music can influence perceived closure in longer film episodes, but it also revealed that musical accompaniment does not always influence judgments of closure. Experiment 3 examined the effect of underscoring for 12 brief film excerpts from a commercial motion picture. Ratings of closure were obtained for 3 conditions: underscores only, films without underscores, and films with underscores. Again, underscoring influenced perceived closure in films. However, ratings of closure were more heavily influenced by visual information than by underscoring. Other effects of closure in film music are discussed.

Effects of underscoring on the perception of closure and intensity in film excerpts

In 3 experiments, we examined the influence of musical underscoring on judgments of closure in filmed events. In Experiment 1, a 12 s animated episode was judged to end with greater closure if underscoring was strongly closed than if it was weakly closed. This influence of music was implicit: When asked to justify their judgments, participants mainly cited only qualities of the visual information. Experiment 2 provided evidence that music can influence perceived closure in longer film episodes, but it also revealed that musical accompaniment does not always influence judgments of closure. Experiment 3 examined the effect of underscoring for 12 brief film excerpts from a commercial motion picture. Ratings of closure were obtained for 3 conditions: underscores only, films without underscores, and films with underscores. Again, underscoring influenced perceived closure in films. However, ratings of closure were more heavily influenced by visual information than by underscoring. Other effects of closure in film music are discussed.

Weakly Closed Graphs and F-Purity of Binomial Edge Ideals

Herzog, Hibi, Hreindóttir et al. introduced the class of closed graphs, and they proved that the binomial edge ideal JG of a graph G has quadratic Gröbner bases if G is closed. In this paper, we introduce the class of weakly closed graphs as a generalization of the closed graph, and we prove that the quotient ring S/JG of the polynomial ring [Formula: see text] with K a field and [Formula: see text] is F-pure if G is weakly closed. This fact is a generalization of Ohtani’s theorem.

On lattices of z-ideals of function rings

An ideal I of a ring A is a z-ideal if whenever a, b ∈ A belong to the same maximal ideals of A and a ∈ I, then b ∈ I as well. On the other hand, an ideal J of A is a d-ideal if Ann2(a) ⊆ J for every a ∈ J. It is known that the lattices Z(L) and D(L) of the ring 𝓡L of continuous real-valued functions on a frame L, consisting of z-ideals and d-ideals of 𝓡L, respectively, are coherent frames. In this paper we characterize, in terms of the frame-theoretic properties of L (and, in some cases, the algebraic properties of the ring 𝓡L), those L for which Z(L) and D(L) satisfy the various regularity conditions on algebraic frames introduced by Martínez and Zenk [20]. Every frame homomorphism h : L → M induces a coherent map Z(h) : Z(L) → Z(M). Conditions are given of when this map is closed, or weakly closed in the sense Martínez [19]. The case of openness of this map was discussed in [11]. We also prove that, as in the case of the ring C(X), the sum of two z-ideals of 𝓡L is a z-ideal.