Exploring the Effect on 5 Senses in Children under Nitrous Oxide Sedation

BACKGROUND Sensation and perception are two separate processes that are very closely related. Sensation is the input about the outside world obtained by our sensory receptors while perception is the difficult system by which the brain selects, organizes and interprets these sensations. Effects of nitrous oxide on the sensation and perception has not been unturned although role in physiological, anxiolytic, behavioural, psychomotor and analgesic parameters have been examined in both children and adults. The human senses have long been unnoticed, despite their responsiveness being of great importance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nitrous oxide inhalation sedation on 5 senses i.e. sight, hearing, touch, smell and taste at different titrations of nitrous oxide and oxygen. METHODS 7 to 12 years old children with Frankl’s behaviour rating score of 2, 3 and 4 with no prior dental experience and requiring dental treatment under nitrous oxide sedation who were systemically healthy were included in the study. The 5 senses (i.e. hearing, touch, smell, taste and vision) were evaluated with different materials at 4 different titration levels to evaluate the effect of nitrous oxide on the 5 senses T0: 100 % oxygen, T1: 30 % nitrous oxide, T2: 50 % nitrous oxide, T3: 100 % oxygen. RESULTS The results of the present study depicted that there is significant difference in the perception of various senses at different concentrations of nitrous oxide and also when compared to baseline values. It was observed that the patient regained the normal perception in 5 minutes after 100 % oxygen post-operatively. CONCLUSIONS Nitrous oxide is found to depress/relax one’s senses too. KEY WORDS Vision, Smell, Taste, Touch, Sound, Perception, Consciousness, Nitrous Oxide Sedation, Oxygen, Behaviour

THE ROLE AND SCOPE OF VISION THERAPY IN EDUCATIONAL PRACTICE

All vision therapy techniques are not medical. It's more like psychological-educational methods. Prophylaxis and vision therapy all around the world is primarily used by psychologists and educationalists not doctors. There is no healing in improving person’s vision, it is teaching. Eyes are the same part of the human body as other parts, and you should take care and rest. Pupils' education on eyes care should be one of the tasks of general education schools. Attention needs to be paid to the quality of pupils' vision at school. Must be time to develop pupils need to take care of our own vision. Schools community should decide during witch classes and lessons vision therapy should be done. The starting point should be at kindergarten or in primary school. The sooner children adopts appropriate eye care skills, the more it becomes a habit and the less valuable time will take in older age. It is important for students to learn to love their eyes, remember to take care of them, to rest and relax them. Exercises for eyes should be prepared and given to pupils as their obligation for the eyes. The memos should be included with: relaxation exercises, solarization, massages, imaginational exercises, exercises for eyes muscles and for accomodation. Key words: vision system, vision therapy, school education.

Using science, technology and innovation in support of conserving Canada's ecosystems and habitats

Visions are strong drivers for developing science, technology and innovation. At a time when several signs are indicating a deteriorating global environment, developing a vision for conserving Canada's ecosystem services is timely. Instead of forecasting, backcasting is the approach recommended to facilitate the implementation of the conservation vision. It would include as one of its main components habitat conservation. Recommendations to achieve habitat conservation are provided. With a supporting policy framework, a conservation vision would be a strong incentive for developing science, technology and innovation. Key words: vision, conservation, backcasting, habitat, science, technology, innovation