Artin–Schelter regular algebras of dimension five with three generators

In this paper, we investigate Artin–Schelter regular algebras of dimension [Formula: see text] with three generators in degree [Formula: see text] under the hypothesis that [Formula: see text], in which the degree types of the relations for the number of the generating relations less than five can be determined. We prove that the only possible degree type of three generating relations is [Formula: see text] and the only possible degree type of four generating relations is [Formula: see text].

Dynamic Łukasiewicz logic and its application to immune system

It is introduced an immune dynamic n-valued Łukasiewicz logic $$ID{\L }_n$$ I D Ł n on the base of n-valued Łukasiewicz logic $${\L }_n$$ Ł n and corresponding to it immune dynamic $$MV_n$$ M V n -algebra ($$IDL_n$$ I D L n -algebra), $$1< n < \omega $$ 1 < n < ω , which are algebraic counterparts of the logic, that in turn represent two-sorted algebras $$(\mathcal {M}, \mathcal {R}, \Diamond )$$ ( M , R , ◊ ) that combine the varieties of $$MV_n$$ M V n -algebras $$\mathcal {M} = (M, \oplus , \odot , \sim , 0,1)$$ M = ( M , ⊕ , ⊙ , ∼ , 0 , 1 ) and regular algebras $$\mathcal {R} = (R,\cup , ;, ^*)$$ R = ( R , ∪ , ; , ∗ ) into a single finitely axiomatized variety resembling R-module with “scalar” multiplication $$\Diamond $$ ◊ . Kripke semantics is developed for immune dynamic Łukasiewicz logic $$ID{\L }_n$$ I D Ł n with application in immune system.

AS-REGULARITY OF GEOMETRIC ALGEBRAS OF PLANE CUBIC CURVES

In noncommutative algebraic geometry an Artin–Schelter regular (AS-regular) algebra is one of the main interests, and every three-dimensional quadratic AS-regular algebra is a geometric algebra, introduced by Mori, whose point scheme is either $\mathbb {P}^{2}$ or a cubic curve in $\mathbb {P}^{2}$ by Artin et al. [‘Some algebras associated to automorphisms of elliptic curves’, in: The Grothendieck Festschrift, Vol. 1, Progress in Mathematics, 86 (Birkhäuser, Basel, 1990), 33–85]. In the preceding paper by the authors Itaba and Matsuno [‘Defining relations of 3-dimensional quadratic AS-regular algebras’, Math. J. Okayama Univ. 63 (2021), 61–86], we determined all possible defining relations for these geometric algebras. However, we did not check their AS-regularity. In this paper, by using twisted superpotentials and twists of superpotentials in the Mori–Smith sense, we check the AS-regularity of geometric algebras whose point schemes are not elliptic curves. For geometric algebras whose point schemes are elliptic curves, we give a simple condition for three-dimensional quadratic AS-regular algebras. As an application, we show that every three-dimensional quadratic AS-regular algebra is graded Morita equivalent to a Calabi–Yau AS-regular algebra.

Algunos tipos especiales de determinantes en extensiones PBW torcidas graduadas

In this paper, we prove that the Nakayama automorphism of a graded skew PBW extension over a finitely presented Koszul Auslander-regular algebra has trivial homological determinant. For A = σ(R)<x1, x2> a graded skew PBW extension over a connected algebra R, we compute its P-determinant and the inverse of σ. In the particular case of quasi-commutative skew PBW extensions over Koszul Artin-Schelter regular algebras, we show explicitly the connection between the Nakayama automorphism of the ring of coefficients and the extension. Finally, we give conditions to guarantee that A is Calabi-Yau. We provide illustrative examples of the theory concerning algebras of interest in noncommutative algebraic geometry and noncommutative differential geometry.

A Complete Classification of 3-dimensional Quadratic AS-regular Algebras of Type EC

Classification of AS-regular algebras is one of the main interests in noncommutative algebraic geometry. We say that a $3$ -dimensional quadratic AS-regular algebra is of Type EC if its point scheme is an elliptic curve in $\mathbb {P}^{2}$ . In this paper, we give a complete list of geometric pairs and a complete list of twisted superpotentials corresponding to such algebras. As an application, we show that there are only two exceptions up to isomorphism among all $3$ -dimensional quadratic AS-regular algebras that cannot be written as a twist of a Calabi–Yau AS-regular algebra by a graded algebra automorphism.