Information Hippies, Google-Fu Masters, and Other Volunteer Tourists in Thailand: Information Behaviour in the Liminoid

Using social positioning theory and the concept of the liminoid, the objectives of this qualitative research project were to 1) investigate how social positioning affects the information behaviour of volunteer tourists; 2) determine what effects culture shock, physical location, gender, technical skill, and previous intercultural education and/or experiences have on the information behaviour of volunteer tourists; and finally, 3) suggest how non-governmental organizations can use the research findings to assist volunteer tourists to successfully undertake their placements. The results emphasize the importance of developing a theory of liminoidal information behaviour, in order to explore how people in the liminoid – a place between cultures where identities are often suspended – interact with information.À l'aide de la théorie du positionnement social et du concept de la liminalité, l'objectif de ce projet de recherche qualitatif est 1) d'investiguer comment le positionnement social influence le comportement informationnel des touristes bénévoles; 2) de déterminer quels sont les effets du choc culturel, de l'emplacement physique, du sexe, des aptitudes techniques et de l'éducation ou de l'expérience interculturelle préalable sur le comportement informationnel des touristes bénévoles; et finalement, 3) de suggérer comment les organisations non gouvernementales peuvent se servir des résultats de la recherche pour aider les touristes bénévoles à mener à bien leurs activités. Les résultats insistent sur l'importance de développer une théorie du comportement informationnel liminal afin d'explorer comment les gens se trouvant dans cet état, un endroit entre les cultures où l'identité est souvent suspendue, interagissent avec l'information.

“What's wrong with that woman?” – Positioning Theory and Information-Seeking Behaviour

We offer social positioning theory (Davies and Harre 1990) as a framework for exploring the ways in which the visibility of an individual’s health status is linked to socially constructed subjectivities that can affect the individual’s information-seeking behaviour. Qualitative analysis of data from two doctoral studies (collected through participant observation and 40 semi-structured interviews) illustrates the utility of social positioning theory as a framework for studying two specific health contexts: systematic lupus erythematosus, and twin pregnancy. Adopting a ‘position’ involves the use of discursive practices which define the relations between self and others. Such practices frequently draw upon common social representations of particular phenomena (Van Langehove and Harre 1994). Our findings indicate that the visibility of health status is related to subject positioning, and that positioning theory offers insight into the mutually specifying correspondence between local discursive practices and styles of information behavior. The pregnant woman’s expanding abdomen makes her health status evident to others, often positioning her as a willing recipient of advice and information (Browner and Press 1997). Cultural assumptions associated with “twins” can both facilitate and constrain the woman’s information seeking (“Better you than me.”). However, the stock of shared cultural understandings associated with lupus is comparatively sparse (Senecal 1991). Symptoms such as hair loss, skin rash, and weight gain may therefore lead to positions which are experienced by novice patients as stigmatizing (“What’s wrong with that woman?”). Even when evident symptoms disappear, the stigmatized position can be maintained through secrecy (“No one can tell I have lupus.”). In these situations, information-seeking is relegated to the confidential encounters characteristic of expert disciplinary regimes. As a heuristic tool, then, positioning theory provides an opportunity for analysis of the means by which the information-seeking subject is configured through discursive encounters.