Globalization/deglobalization: lessons from liberal monetary orders

Economic globalization never proceeded in a smooth steady trajectory. The current international economy, organized around liberal principles, faces potential problems unleashed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Two popular theoretical approaches offer varying reasons for the survivability of the contemporary order. One stresses the benefits associated with participating in liberal international orders, claiming such arrangements are essentially self-sustaining. The rival view emphasizes the uneven distribution of gains, emphasizing the role of leadership, especially for dampening crises. To examine the support for each argument, I examine the evolution of international monetary arrangements. International monetary orders lie at the heart of liberal international economies; no prior liberal monetary order has proven self-sustaining. Liberal international monetary sub-orders depend upon leadership as much as cooperation for their survival—leaders exert efforts to shape followers' actions so long as the leader draws sufficient benefits to make such efforts worthwhile. The economic disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic provides the latest illustration of this point, though these arguments also suggest experiences across issue-areas will vary.

Four Dimensional Circular Model To Measure Interaction Of Two Economies

In the book “Everyhing Is A Circle: A New Model For Orbits Of Bodies In The Universe”, and further in the Article “Distance Between Two Circles in Any Number of Dimensions is a Vector Ellipse”, it has been mathematically demonstrated that “distance between points on any two different circles in any number of multiple dimensions” is equivalent to “distance of points on a vector ellipse from another fixed or moving point”. Using this mathematical methodology, a method is provided in this Article as a measure for the amount of interaction between two international economies, which are two countries or economic zones, by modelling each economy in terms of a “circle in four dimensions”. Based on this method, the proximity of the two economies at the end of each fiscal period, which is generally a fiscal year, is then measured by the distance between points at the end of the given period on the two circles in four dimensions, associated with these two economies in our model.

Combatting Money Laundering: A Study under Emirati and International Law

Money laundering is one of the most serious economic crimes. It is linked to all criminal activities, generates substantial illegal profits, and has always posed a serious threat to national and international economies. Most countries employ multiple approaches to fight this crime. The UAE has implemented several laws to tackle money laundering. In this regard, the UAE issued Federal Law No. 4 of 2002 on Anti-money Laundering. This article defines the concept of money laundering and explores its economic effects in the UAE. It also identifies the approaches taken against this crime at national and international levels. It concludes with recommendations for further research.

Introduction

This chapter argues that interplaces—the spaces and places in between cities and nations—are subjects worthy of study in economic geography. In asking why bother to study the economy between cities and between nations at all, the chapter alludes to the significance of interplaces in quantitative and qualitative terms. It notes aspects of both the inter-urban and international economies that represent interplaces. It outlines the conceptual basis of the book in discussion of the role of intermediaries and agglomerations, networks, enclaves, and arenas. The book is organized into five parts, with this brief introduction forming a first part. It closes by briefly describing the structure of the book and chapter contents.