Comparison of Effectiveness of Phonological and Whole-Word Treatment Programmes within Two Dyslexia Subtypes

<p>This thesis compares the effectiveness of two reading treatment programmes, each developed to address the key difficulties of two subtypes of developmental dyslexia - phonological and surface dyslexia, respectively. Previous cognitive neuropsychological research has commonly administered a single tailored treatment programme to each individual. However, this research administers both programmes to individuals from each subtype, and compares their effectiveness. In Experiment 1, a large group of reading-delayed children was screened, and, using Coltheart and Leahy's (1996) criteria, three children were identified as surface dyslexic and seven as phonological dyslexic. All were aged between 9 and 13 years. Following completion of a range of background tests to assess cognitive abilities potentially correlated with dyslexia, each child received two treatment programmes: 1) a phonologically-based programme training grapheme-to-phoneme correspondences (based on Broom and Doctor, 1995b) and 2) a whole-word programme (specifically designed for the current research), with pre- and post-tests throughout. Results indicated that all children significantly improved their reading of the trained words following both training programmes, regardless of subtype. For both subtypes, generalisation to untrained words was observed following the Phonological Programme, but not the Whole-word Programme. In Experiment 2, a second, more case-based investigation was conducted, focussing on one phonological dyslexic and one surface dyslexic, who were selected following extensive screening. Both were aged 10 years 11 months. Experiment 2 also examined the effectiveness of specific whole-word techniques. Results indicated a clear distinction between the responsiveness of the two participants, with each favouring their target treatment programme: the Phonological Programme was more effective for the phonological dyslexic than the Whole-word Programme, and vice versa for the surface dyslexic. The implications are discussed, with particular reference to suggestions for remediating reading disorders.</p>

Comparison of Effectiveness of Phonological and Whole-Word Treatment Programmes within Two Dyslexia Subtypes

<p>This thesis compares the effectiveness of two reading treatment programmes, each developed to address the key difficulties of two subtypes of developmental dyslexia - phonological and surface dyslexia, respectively. Previous cognitive neuropsychological research has commonly administered a single tailored treatment programme to each individual. However, this research administers both programmes to individuals from each subtype, and compares their effectiveness. In Experiment 1, a large group of reading-delayed children was screened, and, using Coltheart and Leahy's (1996) criteria, three children were identified as surface dyslexic and seven as phonological dyslexic. All were aged between 9 and 13 years. Following completion of a range of background tests to assess cognitive abilities potentially correlated with dyslexia, each child received two treatment programmes: 1) a phonologically-based programme training grapheme-to-phoneme correspondences (based on Broom and Doctor, 1995b) and 2) a whole-word programme (specifically designed for the current research), with pre- and post-tests throughout. Results indicated that all children significantly improved their reading of the trained words following both training programmes, regardless of subtype. For both subtypes, generalisation to untrained words was observed following the Phonological Programme, but not the Whole-word Programme. In Experiment 2, a second, more case-based investigation was conducted, focussing on one phonological dyslexic and one surface dyslexic, who were selected following extensive screening. Both were aged 10 years 11 months. Experiment 2 also examined the effectiveness of specific whole-word techniques. Results indicated a clear distinction between the responsiveness of the two participants, with each favouring their target treatment programme: the Phonological Programme was more effective for the phonological dyslexic than the Whole-word Programme, and vice versa for the surface dyslexic. The implications are discussed, with particular reference to suggestions for remediating reading disorders.</p>

Comparison of effectiveness of Cawthorne Cooksey exercise with Brandt Daroff exercise in managing post Epley’s residual dizziness in patients with posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common cause of peripheral vertigo. Vertigo and balance disorders are among the most common symptoms experienced in patients who visit ENT outpatient department. BPPV is a common vestibular disorder leading to significant morbidity and psychosocial impact. Residual dizziness is a common condition that manifests as persistent disabling imbalance after successful repositioning maneuvers for BPPV.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study we analysed and compared the effectiveness of Cawthorne Cooksey Exercise with Brandt Daroff Exercise to treat residual dizziness after successful Epley’s maneuver for posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. A total of 30 subjects with residual dizziness after successful Epley’s maneuver for posterior canal BPPV were included in our study, 10 were male and 20 were female. The Group A received the Cawthorne Cooksey exercise post Epley’s maneuver and Group B received the Brandt Daroff exercise post Epley’s maneuver. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> We conclude that both the groups have significant improvement in their symptoms and balance. This was indicated by the results. Despite the significant results within the groups, there was no significant difference between the groups, means both exercises showed almost equal improvement in their respective group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This<strong> </strong>study concludes that both Cawthorne Cooksey exercise and Brandt Daroff exercise are helpful in treating residual dizziness after successful Epley’s maneuver in posterior canal BPPV patients. These exercises are safe and able to reduce subjective symptoms and imbalance hence, any of these can be recommended for treating post Epley’s residual dizziness in patients with posterior canal BPPV. </p>