THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT PHYTOPROTECTION SYSTEMS ON ENTOMOFAGE FAUNA IN APPLE PLANTATION

The paper presents data on the diversity of entomophagous fauna in an ecologically managed apple plantation, as well as aspects regarding the differences found in the structure of the entomophagous complex in three variants of phytoprotection technologies: "Ecological", "Biotechnical" and "Chemical standard". The study was carried out during the years 2019-2020, at the Research Institute for Fruit Growing Pitesti, in a plot aged 12 years. The evaluations were performed both in the field, visually and in the laboratory, at binocular magnifier. As a result of this study, a number of 6 species of predatory insects were identified: Chrysopa carnea, Coccinella septempunctata, Adalia decempunctata, Anthocoris sp., Phytoseiulus persimilis and Aphidoletes aphidimyza, were mainly from the Orders Mesostigmata, Coleoptera, Neuroptera, Diptera and Hemiptera.

Natural Entomophages of Brevicoryne Brassicae (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Uzbekistan

In our studies phenological phases of cabbage aphids Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) were studied. The influence of external factors (humidity and temperature) was studied under laboratory conditions. The maximum reproductive ability of cabbage aphids was noted in spring and autumn. Some of the parthenogenetic aphids gave about 82 larvae. The daily reproductive ability of aphids was 3-5, and the maximum 5-11. When studying the reproductive ability of parthenogenetic aphids, this indicator was slightly lower than that of the wingless aphids (average 28, maximum 51). The overall development of cabbage aphid seeds averaged 7–9 days in summer and 12–21 days in early spring and autumn. The importance and bioecological features of Metamorphus corollae (F.), Episyrphus balteatus (De Geer, 1776), Syrphus vitripennis (Meigen, 1822), Scaeva pyrastri (L.) Coccinella septempunctata (L.) and Adonia variegata (G.), Chrysopa carnea Steph. with natural control of the cabbage aphid were studied. Studying the biological effectiveness of a simple golden-eyed fly in relation to the cabbage bug, efficiencies were observed at a ratio of II-year-old larvae of simple golden-eyed and cabbage bug in a ratio of 1:5 and 1:10. For 4 day old gold-eyed eggs, this efficiency was observed when the ratio with cabbage bug was 1:1 on the 17th day of the experiment.

Chrysopids and Hemerobiids (Plannipenia) of young spruce forests in the eastern part of the Czech Republic

Chrysopids and Hemerobiids were studied using Malaise traps in young spruce forests in the eastern part of the Czech Republic. A total of 12 species were found. The most abundant species were eurytopic Chrysopa carnea, Chrysopa perla, Hemerobius humulinus and Hemerobius pini associated with conifers. The seasonal flight activity of these species is discussed.

The sensitivity of some species of entomoacarifages to the insectocaricides used in the protection of apple culture

The apple orchard populations of acariphagous (Stethorus punctillum Weise, Chrysopa carnea Steph, and mite-predators Amblyseius andersoni Chan, Metaseilus occidentalis Nesbit and Neoseiulus californicus Mc Gregor), which were at least 25 years under pesticide treatment, were studied. Our studies show that for these populations the least toxic pesticide is Avaunt, EC, Talstar 10 EC, Omite 30 WP, Confidor 200 SL and the most toxic pesticide is Vertimec 018 EC, Dursban 480 EC for both entomophagous. BI-58 New is slightly toxic for the larvae of C. carnea and highly toxic for N. californicus in laboratory culture. The orchard populations of acariphagous develop resistance to BI-58 New, Dursban 480 EC and Decis f-Luxx 025 EC, in the conditions of the prolong pesticide treatment. The discovery of natural populations of entomophagous resistant to pesticides is of high importance due to its potential practical use.

Комбинированные меры борьбы с вредителями хлопчатника без пестицидов

Рассмотрено использование энтомофагов — Bracon hebetor и Chrysopa carnea — против вредителей хлопчатника: Helicoverpa armigera Hbn., Tetranychus telarius L. и Thrips Fapaci Lind. Проведен сравнительный анализ результатов исследований по биологической эффективности этих энтомофагов без использования пестицидов и с использованием местных удобрений. Опыты проводили в период выращивания хлопка на полях Узбекистана. Продолжительность опытов составляла 7 месяцев — с марта по сентябрь 2016 г. Объектом исследования служил сорт хлопчатника Султон. Предпосевную осеннюю культивацию земли проводили глубиной 40 см. Под опыты были отведены по 4 грядки на 5 участках земли, отдаленных друг от друга на расстояние 600 – 800 м. Показано, что в борьбе с вредителями хлопчатника без применения пестицидов Bracon hebetor дает более высокий эффект (примерно на 10 – 15 %), чем Chrysopa carnea. Самый лучший результат получен в случае совокупного применения обоих энтомофагов при биологической эффективности до 63 %. Если применение местных удобрений без использования энтомофагов позволяет получить дополнительный урожай до 15 %, то использование Bracon hebetor поднимает этот показатель еще до 2,5 – 3 %, Chrysopa carnea — до 2,2 %, а в их совокупности — до 7 %. Наилучший дополнительный урожай (22 %) получен при совокупном использовании Bracon hebetor + Chrysopa carnea и местных удобрений.