Incorporating ‘Mortgage-Loan’ Contracts into an Agricultural Supply Chain Model under Stochastic Output

This paper constructs an internal financing model in which the purchaser acts as the core leading enterprise to provide loans when the farmer has fixed assets as collateral. Numerical results show that the existence of fixed assets will increase the expected profit of the farmer, redistributing the risk and profit between the purchaser and the farmer. At the same time, the purchaser and the government are encouraged to provide more funds to the farmer with low value of its fixed assets, which will aid the overall return of the supply chain and the development of supply chain finance. In addition, under the framework of this model, the increase of agricultural production is beneficial to the farmer, not the purchaser. In the case of the same output level, we can alleviate this problem by selecting high-end agricultural products with high price elasticity of demand and high choking price so as to improve the profits of both purchaser and farmer.

Manufacturing/remanufacturing based supply chain management under advertisements and carbon emission process

One of the most successful ways to get the word out about a product's popularity across all types of customers is through advertising. It has a valuable direct influence on increasing product demand. The supply chain model is developed for manufacturer and retailer, where advertisements are dependent on demand. The advertisement rate has been considered a function that has enhanced at a diminishing rate concerning time, although the growth rate slowed. During the manufacturing cycle, the market's demand is a function of advertisement, and the customer's demand is a linear function of time. The production rate exceeds the demand rate during manufacturing and remanufacturing; shortages are not faced. It involves a manufacturing/remanufacturing process that quickly delivers consumer products and less waste. To keep the environment clean, the cost of carbon emissions is incorporated into the manufacturer's and supplier's holding and degrading costs. The model's primary purpose is to minimize the overall cost of manufacturing and remanufacturing. The overall cost during the manufacturing cycle is higher than that during the remanufacturing cycle. This study confirms that the increasing cost of advertising provides the continuous increasing value of the total cost. A numerical example is provided, graphical representation and sensitivity analysis determine the function's behavior and test the model.

INCREASING THE ADDED VALUE OF BROILERS IN LHOKSEUMAWE CITY BY DEVELOPING SUPPLY CHAIN AND FOOD BALANCE MODELS

The purpose of this study was to determine the supply chain's path or flow pattern from the production source area to the consumer, as well as the parties involved, design a supply chain model, and build a food balance to determine whether there was a surplus or deficit of broiler meat in Lhokseumawe City. Furthermore, utilizing the Hayami technique, this study assesses the added value and profit for traders selling chicken meat. Documents, questionnaires, and interviews with retailers were used to collect data. The findings revealed that retailers controlled or monopolized the supply chain of broiler meat distribution, while producers were accomplices of several large corporations that controlled or monopolized the commodity of broiled chicken in Aceh Province. North Aceh Regency, Pidie Jaya Regency, and Pidie Regency are all sources of commodities coming from outside of Lhokseumawe City. To solve the problem of broiler meat supply, all competent parties, including the government, the commercial sector, relevant agencies/institutions, researchers, academics, scientists, and specialists, must work together to build a design model for the purebred broiler meat supply chain. Most actors cooperate and support one another to gain additional value and profit. Meanwhile, to make up for the losses, a few dealers sell other poultry products including free-range chicken and duck, as well as collect waste from the birds.