Three-Dimensional Comparative Study of Human Bipartite Scaphoids and the Os Centrale of the Wrist in Neandertals and Non-Human Anthropoid Primates

In humans, bipartite scaphoid still does not differentiate clearly from traumatic non-union of the scaphoid. To aid diagnosis, we sought to analyze the main geometrical similarities among bipartite scaphoids from primate species with fused and unfused scaphoid centrales. Four human embryos, four cases of adult humans with bipartite scaphoid, twelve adult specimens of other extant anthropoid primates, and two Neandertal scaphoid specimens were included in this study. Three-dimensional polygon models of the scaphoid and os centrale were generated from CT scan, micro-CT scan, or histological sections. A 3D comparative study of the morphological and morphometrical parameters was performed using the MSC Patran software. The os centrale was smaller than the scaphoid in all specimens and its shape was elongated in the anteroposterior scaphoid direction. The position of the os centrale centroid compared to the scaphoid using direction vectors had a strong orientation along the proximodistal axis in all species. The main morphological feature of bipartite scaphoid was the continuity of the scaphoid from its proximal pole to its tubercule along the anteroposterior axis. In all specimens, if the os centrale was removed, the scaphoid still appeared normal and whole. The bipartite scaphoid in adult humans shares geometrical analogies with monkeys and orangutans, human embryos, and Neandertals. Morphological and morphometrical features identified in this study are useful to differentiate bipartite scaphoid from scaphoid pseudarthrosis. All other criteria suggested in the past lead to misdiagnosis.

Osteitis in the Course of Pyodema Gangrenosum. Case Raport

We present a possible option for surgical treatment of proximal pole scaphoid pseudarthrosis. We used a vascularized distal radius bone graft that was pedicled on the dorsal capsule of the wrist joint. The publication consists of a case study, conclusions, indications and contraindications for the surgery.

A Capsular-based Vascularized Distal Radius Graft in Treatment of Proximal Pole Scaphoid Pseudoarthrosis. Case Study

We present a possible option for surgical treatment of proximal pole scaphoid pseudarthrosis. We used a vascularized distal radius bone graft that was pedicled on the dorsal capsule of the wrist joint. The publication consists of a case study, conclusions, indications and contraindications for the surgery.

Vascularized Bone Autoplasty with Graft from Medial Femoral Epicondyle in Scaphoid Pseudarthrosis

Nineteen patients (16 - 49 years) with scaphoid pseudarthrosis were treated using vascularized bone autograft from medial femoral epicondyle. Mean term since scaphoid fracture made up 30.5 ± 21.2 months. In all cases avascular necrosis of the proximal fragment, scaphoid humpbach deformity and dorsal intercalated segment instability (DISI) were present. In 16 (84.2%) consolidation in the zone of scaphoid pseudarthrosis was achieved at terms from 8 to 12 weeks after operation. In 3 (15.8%) unsatisfactory results were observed. Average scapholunate angle correction made up 13°. Average force of feast and pinch grasps increased on the average by 2.5 and 1.5 times, respectively. One year after surgery the average estimation by DASH scale decreased by 9.6 points at average, from 27 to 13.4 points.

Vascularized Bone Autoplasty with Graft from Medial Femoral Epicondyle in Scaphoid Pseudarthrosis

Nineteen patients (16 - 49 years) with scaphoid pseudarthrosis were treated using vascularized bone autograft from medial femoral epicondyle. Mean term since scaphoid fracture made up 30.5 ± 21.2 months. In all cases avascular necrosis of the proximal fragment, scaphoid humpbach deformity and dorsal intercalated segment instability (DISI) were present. In 16 (84.2%) consolidation in the zone of scaphoid pseudarthrosis was achieved at terms from 8 to 12 weeks after operation. In 3 (15.8%) unsatisfactory results were observed. Average scapholunate angle correction made up 13°. Average force of feast and pinch grasps increased on the average by 2.5 and 1.5 times, respectively. One year after surgery the average estimation by DASH scale decreased by 9.6 points at average, from 27 to 13.4 points.