Living Death: Imagined History and the Tarrant Manifesto

This essay analyses the manifesto of terrorist Brenton Tarrant, the perpetrator of the 2019 Christchurch mosque shootings. Reading Tarrant’s manifesto (The Great Replacement) as a cultural artefact of digital white nationalism, it is possible to identify a specific worldview and emotional subjectivity that is also shared with the actions and writing of Anders Breivik, the perpetrator of the 2011 Oslo and Utøya massacre. After examining both terrorists’ manifestos, their biographical particulars and drawing from ethnographic research into the online communities that Tarrant frequented, a shared phenomenological framework emerges. This framework is presented as ‘the imagined past and present’ of the Replacement Theory terrorist. This essay will address these white nationalist imaginings via a cultural exegesis of Tarrant’s and Breivik’s manifestos, as well as an analysis of their comparable monastic aesthetic or ‘living death’ in the lead up to their attacks.

Attentional cueing effect in the identification of words and pseudowords of different length

Three experiments studied the influence of spatial attention on familiar and unfamiliar letter string identification. Siéroff and Posner's (1988) cueing procedure was used: A cue indicated in advance either the beginning (left) or the end (right) of a foveally presented letter string that participants were instructed to read aloud. Results showed that the precue had a stronger influence on pseudoword than on word identification. Similar results were obtained when participants were instructed to report the identity of the cue or not. For pseudowords, a cueing effect was obtained regardless of length (6, 8, and 10 letters), whereas only 10-letter words showed such an effect, though to a lesser degree than pseudowords of the same length. However, results showed that shorter words were also influenced by the cue location when the exposure duration was reduced. Results are compatible with an early role of spatial attention in letter string processing, but they also suggest that the lexical status of a letter string can directly influence the distribution of attention before the identification process is completely achieved. Although orienting of spatial attention seems heavily involved in a pseudoword identification, some spatial attention mechanism could also take place in the case of familiar words. The results are discussed within two theoretical frameworks concerning the involvement of spatial attention in word identification: The “replacement” theory and the “redistribution” theory.