Natural ice in the debris flow basins of the Middle and Southern Sakhalin

The article deals with the ice mounds formation processes in the mudflow basins. Small natural frosts are widespread on the territory of Middle and Southern Sakhalin within the slope and small valley debris flow basins, along with dangerous slope exogenous processes (debris flows, landslides, erosion, etc.), often having a paragenetic nature of the current. The mechanism of ice data formation is due to the hydro/meteorological features of the territory, as well as disturbance of the thermal, hydrological or hydrogeological regime of the debris flow basin. The main reason for the formation of natural ice mounds in the valley debris flow basins is disturbance of the hydrological regime of the catchment basin during debris flow formation, which mainly contributes to the annual solid runoff of first order watercourses. Scum of slope debris flow basins are formed in case of violation of the thermal regime of the surface and soil of the debris flow basin due to climatic anomalies, as well as damage to natural heat-insulating coverings: snow and soil-vegetable. It is also possible to form sloping ice as a result of a violation of the hydrogeological regime of the catchment basin under anthropogenic impact or the development of dangerous exogenous slope processes with a sufficient depth of rock capture. Cryogenic processes of ice formation affect debris flow and channel processes.

Identification of Slope Debris Flow Based on Fisher Discriminated Criterion

On the basis of analyzing formation condition of slope debris flow, optimize four indexes as the discriminated factors: the loose material reserves weighted by area (),effective particle size of the loose material ,geomorphic super entropy (),meteorological and hydrological index which is composed of indirect and direct antecedent precipitation and short duration rainfall (),use the basic data of slope debris flow in Beishan of Longnan City, build the Fisher discriminated analysis model , find out the discriminated function of debris flow and non-debris flow on slope is,critical value is 1.305,give the new method of identification on the slope debris flow.

The Preliminary Study on Definition of Slope Debris Flow

So far, the definitions of slope debris flow are cinders and divergent, even, some scholars equate it with the hill slope debris flow/landslide-induced debris flow and other similar terms. This article summarizes research on the slope debris flow, from the definition and classification of debris flow, study on the classification of slope debris flow , analyzes the formation conditions, properties and characteristics of slope debris flow, at last, use the definition method of attribute and kind, tentatively give the preliminary definition of the slope debris flow .

Formation Mechanism Study on Houchuangzi Slope Debris Flow

Taken the Houchuangzi slope debris flow along Kunming- -Songming highway as instance, analyzed the mineral composition of provenance on the slope debris flow adopted the polycrystal X ray diffractometer, which was rich in hydrophilic clay mineralssuch as kaolinite and montmorillnite; analyzed the fornation mechanism of the HouChuangzi slope debris flow by the laboratory model test, compartmentalized the fornation process of the HouChuangzi slope debris flow in to five stages from the aspects of slope debris flow morphology and crack extension mechanism.The results provide certain reference value for further research of the formation mechanical mechanism.