STUDI PENGHITUNG PACKING FRACTION MENGGUNAKAN FISIKA CITRA

Abstrak Packing fraction menunjukkan derajat susunan serat pada suatu benang, yang dihitung berdasarkan perbandingan antara volume serat terhadap volume benang atau lua serat total terhadap luas benang. Pada kondisi panjang serat dan panjang benang memiliki panjang yang sama, maka untuk menghitung volume serat maupun volume benang dapat didekati dengan penghitungan luas permukaan serat total dan luas permukaan benang. Penghitungan rasio luas permukaan serat terhadap luas permukaan benang yang akurat sangatlah sulit didapatkan dikarenakan bentuk permukaan serat yang sembarang dan perhitungan kalkulus matematika yang rumit. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, maka diperlukan suatu metode fisika citra untuk menghitung luasan permukaan serat sembarang. Pada penelitian ini telah didapatkan suatu metode untuk mengukur nilai Packing fraction dengan lebih baik menggunakan metode pengolahan citra untuk mendapatkan luasan acak serat. Kata Kunci: packing fraction; benang; tekstil; image processing Abstract The Study Calculation of Packing fraction using physics of imaging. Packing fraction shows the degree of arrangement of fibers in a yarn, which is calculated based on the ratio between the volume of fiber to the volume of yarn or total fiber area to yarn area. In the condition of fiber length and yarn length have the same length, then to calculate volume of fiber and volume of yarn it can be approached by calculating the total fiber surface area and yarn surface area. Precise calculation of the fiber surface area to yarn surface area is very difficult to obtain due to the arbitrary shape of the fiber surface and complex mathematical calculation. To overcome this problem, we need an image processing method to calculate the surface area of any fiber. In this research, a method for measuring the value of Packing fraction has been better obtained using an image processing method to obtain a random area of ​​fiber. Keywords: packing fraction; yarn; textile; image processing

“Remote sensing”- A part of an Applied Physics

Physics is the most fundamental of all the sciences & scientific developments or technologies. Physics is also behind the modern technologies such as internet & mobile, whereas applied physics does the role of their application to modern technologies. Applied physics describes the laws & phenomenon of nature with their application in different fields like: Physics of imaging, Atmospheric Physics, Nanotechnology, Remote Sensing etc. The Remote Sensing (R. S.) technology is discussed in detail through this paper. The Himalayan Physics Vol. 5, No. 5, Nov. 2014 Page: 102-108

Imaging and Radiation

This chapter explains in simple terms the background physics of imaging using standard X-rays, computed axial tomography (CT), nuclear medicine (including positron emission tomography-PET), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It covers the basics of ionising radiation, and also discusses lasers, which are a form of non-ionising radiation (imaging using ultrasound is covered in Chapter 10). X-rays, CT, aspects of nuclear medicine, and lasers are covered briefly. MRI is examined in more detail as this is a newer modality that is often difficult to comprehend, and in any case often involves the presence of the anaesthetist. Some isotopes are naturally occurring but many of the radioactive nuclides used in medicine are produced artificially by a nuclear reactor or cyclotron. Each of these will provide isotopes that are useful for different purposes. Unstable radioactive nuclides achieve stability by radioactive decay, during which they can lose energy. This occurs in a number of ways. For example, atoms can lose energy by ejection of an alpha particle (an extremely tightly bound basic atomic structure of 2 protons and 2 neutrons, which is equivalent to a helium nucleus). This occurs if they have too many nucleons (protons or neutrons) and results in the atomic number being reduced by two and the atomic mass by 4. Other ways that unstable radionuclides decay include: emission of an electron (β−) from the nucleus if the atoms have an excess of neutrons, or by, either emitting a positron (β+) or capturing an electron if they are neutron deficient. Normally isotopes produced by a reactor will be neutron rich and decay by emitting an electron and the cyclotron will tend to produce isotopes that are proton rich and the decay will then be by emitting a positron. This is illustrated in Table 29.1. The new nuclide formed by the decay process (the daughter nuclide) may be left in an excited nuclear state and can release this excess energy by emission of gamma (γ) radiation as shown in Figure 29.1. This example is where the electron (β−) has been emitted. The situation is more complex when a positron has been emitted.