dna loop domains
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2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Afanasieva ◽  
◽  
M. I. Chopei ◽  
A. V. Lozovik ◽  
S. R. Rushkovsky ◽  
...  




2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 3499-3510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Soo Yoon ◽  
Sangkyun Jeong ◽  
Qi Rong ◽  
Kye-Yoon Park ◽  
Jae Hoon Chung ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Transcriptional insulators are specialized cis-acting elements that protect promoters from inappropriate activation by distal enhancers. The H19 imprinting control region (ICR) functions as a CTCF-dependent, methylation-sensitive transcriptional insulator. We analyzed several insertional mutations and demonstrate that the ICR can function as a methylation-regulated maternal chromosome-specific insulator in novel chromosomal contexts. We used chromosome conformation capture and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays to investigate the configuration of cis-acting elements at these several insertion sites. By comparing maternal and paternal organizations on wild-type and mutant chromosomes, we hoped to identify mechanisms for ICR insulator function. We found that promoter and enhancer elements invariably associate to form DNA loop domains at transcriptionally active loci. Conversely, active insulators always prevent these promoter-enhancer interactions. Instead, the ICR insulator forms novel loop domains by associating with the blocked promoters and enhancers. We propose that these associations are fundamental to insulator function.



2002 ◽  
Vol 277 (24) ◽  
pp. 21458-21467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor T. Solovyan ◽  
Zinayida A. Bezvenyuk ◽  
Antero Salminen ◽  
Caroline A. Austin ◽  
Michael J. Courtney


2000 ◽  
Vol 81 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zinayida Bezvenyuk ◽  
Antero Salminen ◽  
Victor Solovyan


2000 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Lambert ◽  
Daniel J. Fernandes


1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1116-1117
Author(s):  
Angela V. Klaus ◽  
Siobhan McCarthy ◽  
John McCarrey ◽  
W. Steven Ward

The average sperm nucleus is only 8 micrometers long, but contains 1 meter of DNA. We have previously described how the sperm cell is able to package this DNA into the small volume of the sperm head. The only DNA structure that exists in both somatic cells and sperm nuclei is the organization of DNA loop domains that are attached at their bases to the nuclear skeleton, the nuclear matrix. We compared the structure of one gene in sperm nuclei to that of spermatogenic and adult cells.Individual loop domains of the 5S rRNA gene cluster were visualized by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Nuclei were isolated from hamster spermatozoa, spermatogonia, pachytene spermatocytes, round spermatids, and adult liver cells. They were then extracted to remove the protamines or histones, fixed, hybridized to a biotinylated 5S rDNA probe, then viewed by epifluorescence microscopy.



1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1128-1129
Author(s):  
Angela V. Klaus ◽  
Siobhan McCarthy ◽  
John McCarrey ◽  
W. Steven Ward

The average sperm nucleus is only 8 micrometers long, but contains 1 meter of DNA. We have previously described how the sperm cell is able to package this DNA into the small volume of the sperm head. The only DNA structure that exists in both somatic cells and sperm nuclei is the organization of DNA loop domains that are attached at their bases to the nuclear skeleton, the nuclear matrix. We compared the structure of one gene in sperm nuclei to that of spermatogenic and adult cells.Individual loop domains of the 5S rRNA gene cluster were visualized by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Nuclei were isolated from hamster spermatozoa, spermatogonia, pachytene spermatocytes, round spermatids, and adult liver cells. They were then extracted to remove the protamines or histones, fixed, hybridized to a biotinylated 5S rDNA probe, then viewed by epifluorescence microscopy. The 5S rDNA in liver nuclei was organized into a single large loop domain (Fig. 1),



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