Profil Asupan Minum pada Anak Prasekolah di Daerah Urban dan Rural di Indonesia dan Faktor-faktor yang Memengaruhinya

Latar belakang. Asupan minum yang kurang akan berdampak terhadap performa fisik dan kognitif serta dapat menimbulkan manifestasi klinis, seperti pusing, lesu, dan gangguan konsentrasi. Anak memiliki proporsi cairan tubuh yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dewasa. Hingga saat ini belum ada data mengenai kecukupan asupan minum anak prasekolah di Indonesia.Tujuan. Mengetahui kecukupan asupan minum anak prasekolah di daerah urban dan rural di Indonesia.Metode. Penelitian dengan desain potong lintang dilakukan pada bulan Januari-Maret 2016 di Jakarta dan Maluku pada anak usia 36-72 bulan. Perhitungan jumlah cairan dilakukan dengan mencatat jumlah yang diminum dalam 7 Day-Fluid Diary Record. Asupan minum total ditentukan berdasarkan jumlah yang dikonsumsi dari semua kategori dan sesuai dengan angka kecukupan gizi (AKG) 2019.Hasil. Sebanyak 585 anak mengikuti penelitian ini dengan median asupan minum adalah 1133,1 (85-2991,4) mL/hari dan jenis asupan paling tinggi adalah air putih. Subjek yang tinggal di daerah urban mempunyai faktor risiko lebih rendah untuk mengalami asupan minum yang kurang (RR=0,580; 95%IK: 0,418-0,807; p=0,001). Demikian pula semakin muda usia subjek, maka semakin kecil kemungkinan untuk mengalami kejadian asupan minum yang kurang (RR =0,497; 95%IK: 0,356-0,694; p=0,000).Kesimpulan. Rerata asupan minum anak usia prasekolah di Indonesia sedikit lebih rendah dari anjuran AKG. Anak prasekolah berusia ≥54 bulan dan anak yang tinggal di area rural lebih berisiko mengalami kekurangan asupan minum.

A DIARY RECORD BY I. ROZANOV

Unpublished Heritage

Understanding the wellbeing of professional musicians through the lens of Positive Psychology

Recognizing the need to include musicians in mainstream wellbeing profiling and to move beyond a focus on debilitating factors of the music profession, this study aimed to understand how professional musicians experience wellbeing in the light of Positive Psychology. Guided by the PERMA model, the goal was to track enhancers and challenges for wellbeing in relation to the model’s five components: positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning and accomplishment. Participants included six professional musicians from six activities: solo, orchestral, choral, chamber, conducting and composing. Two interviews were conducted with each participant, separated by two weeks of diary record-keeping. Results point to high wellbeing. A clear sense of self appears as an overarching sustainer of wellbeing and the transition to professional life as the most challenging time regarding musicians’ flourishing. Positive emotions emerged as highly related to musical moments, while varying repertoire and experiencing different ensembles appeared as central sources of engagement. Meaning emerged as linked to the shared nature of music-making, and a sense of accomplishment was built on internal goals and oneness in performance with others. The key processes for positive functioning appeared to involve responses to, and regulation by, relationships. Implications are discussed in relation to the role of holistic training in educational settings.