Using X-Ray As An Irradiation Source For Direct ESR Dating of Fossil Teeth

In this paper we have tested the potential application of X-rays as an irradiation source in Electron Spin Resonance dating of tooth enamel. Both modern and fossil samples were used to assess the feasibility of dose estimations using this alternative irradiator. Equivalent doses obtained with gamma-rays on fossil powder enamel was frequently less than the doses obtained on fragments using only X-rays. It is believed that a combination of NOCORs (non-orientated CO2- radicals) and local internal dose discrepancy may be the origin of the difference. Here, we show that testing penetration attenuation for each individual irradiation source is required to accurately estimate the maximum enamel thickness and produce reliable protocols. The use of a known laboratory additive dose allows the calculation of an absorption equivalent coefficient between gamma-rays and X-rays. We conclude that X-rays are an alternative irradiation source for ESR dating protocols, however, limitations remain in particular with alpha efficiency.

Research on the design and Creation of contemporary Powder enamel based on NURBS modeling method

as an important discovery of ceramic design, contemporary ceramic design must be able to keep pace with the development of the times, learn to actively introduce new elements into the creation. This paper attempts to carry out the research of contemporary ceramic design and creation based on NURBS modeling, which is to integrate digital technology into the traditional ceramic design, and use NURBS modeling to innovate the decoration design of contemporary Famile-rose porcelain, so that the pastel porcelain works have a stronger sense of the times.