Сапроксилобіонтні твердокрилі (Coleoptera, Insecta) й мертва деревина в буковому пралісі Угольського масиву Карпатського біосферного заповідника

Вплив мертвої деревини на чисельність та якісний склад сапроксилобіонтних твердокрилих вивчали методом обліку комбінованими пастками на 60 пробних площах у межах висот 650–830 метрів над рівнем моря. Опрацьовано 40 241 особину. Видове багатство та динамічна щільність сапроксилобіонтних твердокрилих прямо корелюють з об’ємами мертвої деревини в буковому пралісі. Домінуючими індикаторними видами на першій стадії розкладу деревини є Anoplodera sexguttata (Fabr.) – 1,26 % (Cerambycidae) та Hylecoetus dermestoides (L.) – 1,02 % (Lymexylidae); домінуючі види-індикатори другої стадії – Silvanus bidentatus (Fabr.) – 1,02 % (Silvanidae); домінуючі види-індикатори третьої стадії – Taphrorychus bicolor (Herbst) – 1,59 % (Curculionidae) та Isoriphis melasoides (Laporte) – 1,01 % (Eucnemidae); домінуючі види-індикатори четвертої й п’ятої стадій – Osphya bipunctata (Fabr.) – 1,1–1,2 % (Melandryiidae) та Mycetophagus ater (Reitter) – 1,01 % (Mycetophagidae).

Description of Bursaphelenchus taphrorychi sp. n. (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae), the second Bursaphelenchus species from larval galleries of the beech bark beetle, Taphrorychus bicolor (Herbst.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), in European beech, Fagus sylvatica L.

Bursaphelenchus taphrorychi sp. n. is described from the bark of European beech, Fagus sylvatica. All propagative stages of the nematode are numerous in larval galleries of the beech bark beetle, Taphrorychus bicolor, while dauer juveniles are transmitted to new breeding trees under the elytra of adult beetles. The new species is characterised by the body length of 782 (717-858) μm in female and 638 (475-789) μm in male, moderately slender body (a = 35.0 (31.7-36.5) and 35.5 (31.4-37.1) in female and male, respectively), spicules 12.0-16.0 μm long, lateral fields with four incisures (i.e., three bands), and the arrangement of the seven male caudal papillae (i.e., a single precloacal ventromedian papilla (P1), one pair of adcloacal ventrosublateral papillae (P2), one postcloacal pair (P3) located at ca 60% of the tail length, posterior to the cloacal aperture, and one pair (P4) of subventral papillae of a similar size as the previous pair, but with somewhat sunken tips, located near base of bursa). In the number and arrangement of caudal papillae, stout and curved spicules with prominent rostrum and condylus, small vulval flap, body narrowed posterior to vulva, four incisures in the lateral fields, and long post-uterine sac, B. taphrorychi sp. n. shares most of the key morphological characters with members of the sexdentati-group. However, the newly described species is unique amongst Bursaphelenchus species of this group by the combination of shape of female tail, shape of spicules, and some other morphometric characters. The close relation of B. taphrorychi sp. n. with members of the sexdentati-group has been confirmed by DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the 28S rDNA region. The taxonomic separation of the new species is also confirmed by the unique molecular profile of the ITS region (ITS-RFLP). In laboratory rearing, B. taphrorychi sp. n. can develop and reproduce on Botrytis cinerea cultures.

Bursaphelenchus fagi sp. n. (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae), an insect-pathogenic nematode in the Malpighian tubules of the bark beetle, Taphrorychus bicolor (Herbst.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), in European beech, Fagus silvatica L.

Bursaphelenchus fagisp. n. is described from the bark of European beech,Fagus silvatica. All propagative stages of the nematode are numerous in larval galleries of the beech bark beetle,Taphrorychus bicolor, while dauer juveniles aggregate in Malpighian tubules of adult beetles. The new species is characterised by the body length of 871 (763-1110) μm in female and 852 (718-992) μm in male, very slender body (a = 56.8 (50.4-67.1) and 64.5 (56.5-73.8) in female and male, respectively), and spicules 15.2 (14.0-17.0) μm long. The extended anterior vulval lip in female, lateral fields with four incisures, and number (7) and arrangement of male caudal papillae may indicate thatB. fagisp. n. is closely related to thexylophilusgroup. It differs from this group by the relatively small, claw-like spicules with narrow capitulum, indistinct condylus in almost continuous line with dorsal lamina, and lack of distinct cucullus at the spicule tip. The close relation ofB. fagisp. n. with thexylophilusgroup has been confirmed by DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the 28S rDNA region.Bursaphelenchus fagisp. n. most closely resemblesB. tokyoensisandB. idius, but can be separated by differences in the arrangement of the male caudal papillae, a unique feature for each species. The taxonomic separation of the new species is also confirmed by the unique molecular profile of the ITS region (ITS-RFLP). The mass presence of dauer juveniles ofB. fagisp. n. in Malpighian tubules of adultT. bicolorleads to degradation of the tubule cellular epithelium and local expansion of its basement membrane. These changes clearly indicate direct pathogenicity of the nematode to its vector insect. In laboratory rearing,B. fagisp. n. can grow and reproduce onBotryotinia fuckelianacultures.