Comparison of CGRP distributions in the maxillary sinus and trigeminal ganglion between elderly dentulous and edentulous humans

Thickening of the Schneiderian membrane (SM, mucosa of the maxillary sinus) appears in the paranasal sinus. Information on SM thickening is available for patients receiving sinus lift treatments, which is a risk factor for SM excretory dysfunction. However, more information is needed on the structure of the SM and the relationship between the maxilla sinus and palatine with the alveolar bone and the SM for dental implant treatment in the human maxilla. One hundred twenty-six sides of the maxilla from 71 cadavers were subjected to cone-beam CT (CBCT) analysis and macroscopic and immunohistochemical observations in this study. A thickened SM was mainly observed in the middle region of the basal layer of the maxillary sinus (MS). Strong calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-positive reactions were observed in the alveolar bone, oral mucosa, mucosa of the maxillary sinus, and trigeminal ganglion (TG) cells in dentulous samples compared with edentulous samples. TG cells play important roles in delivering CGRP through axons to the mucosal gland and in regulating the maxilla-related thickening of the SM. These data could help determine CGRP functions in the mucosal gland and bone formation between dentulous and edentulous samples and indicate that CGRP may pass from the TG to the maxillary sinus glands.

The Histological Structure Of The Crop (Ingluvies) In Poultry

This research aims to see the histological structure of the crop in poultry. Animals used were chicken (Gallus domesticus), duck (Anser anserdomesticus), and pigeon (Columba domesticus) each group consists of three animals. Crop tissue of each animal were taken and processed inmicrotechnic and stained with Hematoxilin and Eosin (HE), then observed with digital microscope. The results showed that there were thesimilarity of the general structures of crop from the three types of these poultry. which consists of the tunica mucosa, tuni ca submucosa, tunicamuscularis and tunica serosa. Lamina muscularis in duck is more obvious than chicken and pigeon. Mucosal gland of duck shaped oval, chickenshaped rounded, and the pigeons are not found. Tunica muscularis duck arranged longitudinally in the outside dan ci rcular in the inside. Tunicamuscularis duck arranged longitudinally in the inside, and circular in the outside, and tunica muscularis in pigeon just arranged longitudinally.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Key words: histological, crop, poultry

Verumontanum Mucosal Gland Hyperplasia Is Associated With Atypical Adenomatous Hyperplasia of the Prostate

Background.—Verumontanum mucosal gland hyperplasia (VMGH) and atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) are both small glandular proliferations that are histologically and topographically unique. Methods.—One hundred ten randomly selected, whole-mount, radical prostatectomy specimens were reviewed to assess independently the normal histology of the prostatic urethra and periurethral area and the association of AAH with other pathologic features, including VMGH. The degree of nodular hyperplasia was evaluated by total prostate weight for comparison purposes. Results.—Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia was found in 37 cases (33.6%) and was nearly always (32/37) associated with nodules of nodular hyperplasia. Verumontanum mucosal gland hyperplasia was present in 32 cases (29.1%; 21 with AAH, 11 without AAH). There was a significant association between presence of VMGH and AAH (P < .001, Fisher exact test). The degree of nodular hyperplasia was not significantly different between prostates with and without VMGH or AAH. Conclusions.—These results suggest that AAH and VMGH occur more commonly in prostates when the other is also present.