Abstract
This study aims to validate and track valve positions for all the zones applying recorded Distributed temperature sensing (DTS) and Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) data interpretation in order to propose the best combination of downhole inflow control valve (ICV) openings, This is required to optimize Well X-2 multizone commingled production. Fiber DTS and DAS monitoring were relied on as an innovation against downhole conditions that has compromised the three out of four downhole dual-gauges and valve position sensors.
For zonal water control purpose, ICV cycling and positioning have been attempted in 2019. The valve position tracking derived from the compromised downhole dual gauges and valve position sensors does not tally with the surface flow indication overall. Consequently, the original measurement intention of the permanently installed distributed fiber-optic which served as back-up zonal-rate calculation profiling and as potential sub-layer flow-contribution indicators is brought in as contingency zonal valve-opening tracking and guides that proved valuable for subsequent production optimization.
First part of study involves interpretation of Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) data. Downloaded DTS data is depth matched and validated against known operating conditions like time of each cycling stage and surface well test parameters (i.e. Liquid Rate, Watercut, Tubing Head Pressure (THP), Total Gas, Gas-Oil Ratio (GOR)), etc. To establish a baseline, several DTS traces of historical operating condition during a known stable period were selected, i.e.
stable flowing condition at only Zone 4 stable shut-in condition at surface with only ICV Zone 4 is opened
Downhole valve-position tracking can be interpreted alternatively from induced fiber temperature activities across the valve depth with a good temperature baseline benchmarking from DTS temperature profiling.
Second part of study involves interpretation of Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) data. The data was acquired under single flowing condition one month post-ICV cycling. Without any changes made on the well operating conditions, the well is flowing under same condition post ICV cycling. Inflow point detection using joint interpretation of DAS and DTS, where simultaneously DAS spectral content (depth-frequency) was analysed alongside DTS traces to further discriminate between inflow and other noise sources. Through i) acoustic amplitude analysis, ii) DTS inversion, iii) noise speed and flow speed computation, composite production allocation can be derived for Well X-2.
Using the alternative co-interpretations based on fiber temperature and acoustic measurement, it is found and validated that Zone 1 ICV is Closed, Zone 2, 3 and 4 are in opened position and continuously producing at any cycles. This is in conflict of zonal production control understanding initially based on the compromised downhole sensors indicating that all the zonal valves are supposedly in fully closed position.
In this case-study, DTS and DAS data has been proven useful and as an innovative, alternative monitoring to determine downhole valve opening with analogue to flow contribution derivation methodology. Therefore, anytime in the future where Well X-2 valves cycling is planned to be carried out, there is now a corresponding operating procedure that is incorporated onsite real-time fiber optic DTS and/or DAS data monitoring to validate tracked valves positioning.
Non-Intrusive Characterization and Monitoring of Fluid Mud: Laboratory Experiments with Seismic Techniques, Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS), and Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS)
