Germination success of large‐seeded plant species ingested by howler monkeys in tropical rain forest fragments

Liana is one type of plant that becomes typical characteristic of a tropical rain forest ecosystem and its presence adds to the diversity of plant species in the forest ecosystem. The purposes of the study were to identify the species of liana, species of cantilever plant, and to know the number of liana species associated with the species of cantilever plant in the protection block of Wan Abdul Rachman Great Forest Park, especially in the area of Way Balau Sub watershed. The research was conducted on September to Oktober 2013. The sampling method was used line terraced layer. The size of each sample plot was 20 m x 20 m with sub plots 10 m x 10 m, 5 m x 5 m, 2 m x 2 m. Liana and cantilever plants species were inventoried by 0.2% sampling intensity from 796.50 ha. Observed variables were the species and the number of lianas, spesies of cantilever plant and its number. The result of research were identified 8 species of liana and 35 spesies of cantilever plants. Liana density was 1.599 individual/ha and cantilever plant density was 1.594 individual/ha, and it had a good enough distribution because there was no dominant species. The plant that most liked by liana is dadap (Erythrina lithosperma) and liana that mostly found is rayutan (Paederia tomentosa). Keyword: cantilever plant, liana, Protection Block of Wan Abdul Rachman GreatForest Park

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The effects of fragmentation of an Australian tropical rain forest on populations and assemblages of small mammals

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s0266467401001158 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 225-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

G. N. HARRINGTON ◽

A. N. D. FREEMAN ◽

F. H. J. CROME

Keyword(s):

Home Range ◽

Small Mammals ◽

Rain Forest ◽

Tropical Rain Forest ◽

Agricultural Landscape ◽

Forest Edge ◽

Forest Fragments ◽

Agricultural Matrix ◽

Continuous Forest ◽

The Matrix

Small mammals were trapped in four rain forest fragments (3, 8, 20 and 97 ha), in an agricultural landscape, and in comparable continuous tropical rain forest in north Queensland, Australia over 2 y. The most frequently captured species were four murid rodents. Melomys cervinipes were captured in similar numbers in both continuous and fragmented forest. This species achieves greatest abundance at forest edges and this study suggests that edges of fragments and edges of continuous forest will support similar densities. Abundance of Uromys caudimaculatus was positively correlated with size of fragment and peaked in continuous forest. This species had a home range larger than the smaller fragments and was thus disadvantaged but its ability to utilize the agricultural matrix between fragments mitigated the effect. Rattus leucopus and R. fuscipes were most abundant in fragments and continuous forest respectively but both species occurred in similar abundance in the 97-ha fragment. This suggests their population size is related to habitat rather than competitive exclusion as previously postulated. Ordination of the populations of the nine most commonly captured mammals, separated the fragment and continuous sites but placed the largest fragment closest to the continuous sites. The contrasting response of the two Rattus spp. was the primary influence on the ordination. Second in importance was Trichosurus vulpecula, a folivorous possum, which was absent from the continuous sites. The fragments may have had more nutrient-rich, pioneer tree foliage than continuous forest. Isoodon macrourus, Perameles nasuta, Antechinus godmani and Uromys hadrourus also showed positive or negative response to fragmentation. Species utilizing the matrix between forest fragments and species adapted to forest edge are advantaged by the fragmentation process whereas forest specialists tend to extinction in fragments, particularly where the home range of the animal is not many times smaller than the fragment.

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Erythroxylum riparium (Erythroxylaceae), a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.230.1.7 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 230 (1) ◽

pp. 75 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Thiago Araújo ◽

Pedro Fiaschi ◽

André Márcio Amorim

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Rain Forest ◽

Tropical Rain Forest ◽

Similar Species ◽

Leaf Margin ◽

Forest Fragments ◽

Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽

Southern Bahia ◽

A New Species

Erythroxylum riparium, a new species of Erythroxylaceae from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, is described and illustrated. The species was found in southern Bahia State growing along river banks within tropical rain forest fragments. It can be distinguished from other similar species of Erythroxylum by the combination of branchlets intensely dotted with elliptic lenticels, these often united with each other, undulate leaf margin, three bracteoles per flower, and partially connate styles. These diagnostic characters and other observations concerning the new species are presented and compared with those from similar species.

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Plant Community Structure in Tropical Rain Forest Fragments of the Western Ghats, India1

Biotropica ◽

10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00118.x ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 143-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

S. Muthuramkumar ◽

N. Ayyappan ◽

N. Parthasarathy ◽

Divya Mudappa ◽

T. R. Shankar Raman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Plant Community ◽

Rain Forest ◽

Western Ghats ◽

Tropical Rain Forest ◽

Forest Fragments ◽

Plant Community Structure ◽

The Western Ghats

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Effects of dung beetles (Scarabaeidae) on seeds dispersed by howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus) in the French Guianan rain forest

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s0266467499000711 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 129-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

François Feer

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Maximum Size ◽

Dung Beetle ◽

Dung Beetles ◽

Alouatta Seniculus ◽

Seed Fate ◽

Howler Monkeys ◽

Germination Success

The dispersal of seeds by howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus) and the role of dung beetles in determining the fate of the dispersed seeds were studied at Nouragues Station, French Guiana, during three 2-mo periods (April–May, 1995–97). Howler monkeys were observed to disperse seeds of 47 plant species. Monkey dung attracted 57 species of dung beetles (Scarabaeidae), including tunnellers (maximum size 37 mm) and ball rollers (12.6 mm). The rate of seed burial was negatively correlated with seed size (10 plant species) and positively correlated with dung beetle size (six species of tunnellers). More than 80% of small seeds (< 5 mm) and 30% of large seeds (22 mm), were buried by the largest tunnellers. Dung beetles buried 13 to 23% of seeds ranging 8–13 mm in width. The maximum average depth of burial was 28 cm and varied according to the species of dung beetle. The rate of disappearance of large dung clumps varied during the day and was completed by nocturnal dung beetles. Seeds of Chrysophyllum lucentifolium (Sapotaceae) buried at 5 and 10 cm depths did not suffer predation, but showed low germination success compared to seeds left at the soil surface. Dung beetles affected the survival and distribution of a portion of the seeds dispersed by monkeys, and their relative importance in shaping seed fate depended on seed and beetle size.

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Fruiting and frugivores at a strangler fig in the tropical rain forest of Los Tuxtlas, Mexico

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s0266467400000985 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 349-357 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Rosamond Coates-Estrada ◽

Alejandro Estrada

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Rain Forest ◽

Tropical Rain Forest ◽

Sampling Period ◽

Alouatta Palliata ◽

Chemical Analyses ◽

Los Tuxtlas ◽

Tree Crown ◽

Ripe Fruit ◽

Fruit Availability

ABSTRACTDiurnal and nocturnal censuses were conducted on animal visitors at a single strangler Ficus aff. cotinifolia (H.B.K.) tree during the entire period of ripe fruit availability. Fruit fall to the ground was measured with fruit traps, and chemical analyses were conducted on the figs. Fourteen species of birds, four species of nonvolant mammals and two species of bats consumed the figs. Of the total number of ripe figs accounted for during the sampling period (N= 1.9 X 105), 42% fell to the ground, 45% were removed by mammals and 13% by birds. Frugivores such as the howling monkey Alouatta palliata, the cacomistle Bassariscus sumichrasti, the keel-billed toucan Ramphastos sulphuratus and fruit-eating bats removed the largest amounts of figs from the tree and deposited seeds of 13 plant species other than figs below the tree crown.

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