ChemInform Abstract: α-Amino Acid Phenolic Ester Derivatives: Novel Water-Soluble General Anesthetic Agents Which Allosterically Modulate GABAA Receptors.

ChemInform ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
Niall M. Hamilton ◽  
et al. et al.
2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (22) ◽  
pp. 3582-3591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Anderson ◽  
Delia Belelli ◽  
D. Jonathan Bennett ◽  
Kirsteen I. Buchanan ◽  
Anna Casula ◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Lemont B. Kier

The concept of the presence of passageways, chreodes, created by the influence of the hydropathic states of amino acid side chains on the surface water of proteins, has been proposed. These chreodes facilitate and direct the diffusion of neurotransmitters through surface water, to the receptor or active site on a protein. This system of chreodes is vulnerable to the presence of some other molecules that may encounter the chreode system. This encounter and disruption has been proposed to explain the mechanism of general anesthesia. Based on much recent evidence of the similarities between anesthesia from volatile anesthetic agents and sleep, a comparable mechanism has been proposed for sleep. Since this must be an exogenous substance to be comparable to a general anesthetic agent, it was proposed that this exogenous, sleep-producing substance is elemental nitrogen. Recent evidence supports these hypotheses.


Author(s):  
Lemont Kier

: This review focuses on the two-century old concept of proton hopping. Introduced in 1806 by Grottus, it has evolved into an explanation of great diversity in describing many functions in living systems. It is a process involving water, which expands on the belief that life exists only in the presence of water. This review describes the mechanism of the process as it carries information through water. A focus is initially made on the process in water in the nerve systems. The nature of the process in these systems is described as the passage of proton hopping in living systems. In drug-receptor encounters, proton hopping is initiated, carrying specific information from these specialized encounters. The review continues with an explanation of sleep, arising from an alteration in proton hopping. A similar phenomenon of the effect of general anesthetic agents is described, as they interfere with by proton hopping. Finally, memory functions are addressed in the realm of events carried by proton hopping.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Suzuki ◽  
Matsuyuki Doi ◽  
Yoshiki Nakajima

Abstract Background Systemic anesthetic management of patients with mitochondrial disease requires careful preoperative preparation to administer adequate anesthesia and address potential disease-related complications. The appropriate general anesthetic agents to use in these patients remain controversial. Case presentation A 54-year-old woman (height, 145 cm; weight, 43 kg) diagnosed with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes underwent elective cochlear implantation. Infusions of intravenous remimazolam and remifentanil guided by patient state index monitoring were used for anesthesia induction and maintenance. Neither lactic acidosis nor prolonged muscle relaxation occurred in the perioperative period. At the end of surgery, flumazenil was administered to antagonize sedation, which rapidly resulted in consciousness. Conclusions Remimazolam administration and reversal with flumazenil were successfully used for general anesthesia in a patient with mitochondrial disease.


1957 ◽  
Vol 23 (104) ◽  
pp. 843-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junzo Noguchi ◽  
Tadao Hayakawa ◽  
Mituo Ebata
Keyword(s):  

1997 ◽  
pp. 121-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy J. Lambert ◽  
Delia Belelli ◽  
Marco Pistis ◽  
Claire Hill-Venning ◽  
John A. Peters

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Jevtović-Todorović ◽  
Charity O. Kirby ◽  
John W. Olney

In acute brain injury syndromes, the potent N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, MK-801, can prevent neuronal degeneration, and the general anesthetics, isoflurane and propofol, may also provide neuroprotective benefits. An obstacle to the use of NMDA antagonists for neuroprotective purposes is that they can cause a neurotoxic vacuole reaction in cerebrocortical neurons. This study demonstrates the ability of isoflurane and propofol to prevent the neurotoxic vacuole reaction induced by MK-801. Low sedative doses of inhaled isoflurane (1%) or intravenous (i.v.) propofol (7.5 mg/kg/h) were as effective as higher general anesthetic doses. Thus, in the clinical management of acute brain injury conditions such as stroke and brain trauma, administration of one of these anesthetic agents together with an NMDA antagonist may be an excellent formula for obtaining optimal neuroprotection while eliminating serious side effects.


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