Decision letter for "Light adaptation mechanisms in the eye of the fiddler crab Afruca tangeri"

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Light Adaptation ◽  
Fiddler Crab ◽  
Adaptation Mechanisms

Author response for "Light adaptation mechanisms in the eye of the fiddler crab Afruca tangeri"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emelie A. Brodrick ◽  
Nicholas W. Roberts ◽  
Lauren Sumner‐Rooney ◽  
Christian M. Schlepütz ◽  
Martin J. How
Keyword(s):  
Light Adaptation ◽  
Fiddler Crab ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Adaptation Mechanisms

scholarly journals Light adaptation mechanisms in the eye of the fiddler crab Afruca tangeri

2020 ◽  
Vol 529 (3) ◽  
pp. 616-634
Author(s):  
Emelie A. Brodrick ◽  
Nicholas W. Roberts ◽  
Lauren Sumner‐Rooney ◽  
Christian M. Schlepütz ◽  
Martin J. How
Keyword(s):  
Light Adaptation ◽  
Fiddler Crab ◽  
Adaptation Mechanisms

Effect of eccentricity and light level on the timing of light adaptation mechanisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. B144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo A. Barrionuevo ◽  
Beatriz M. Matesanz ◽  
Alejandro H. Gloriani ◽  
Isabel Arranz ◽  
Luis Issolio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Adaptation ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Adaptation Mechanisms

scholarly journals Phosducin Regulates the Expression of Transducin βγ Subunits in Rod Photoreceptors and Does Not Contribute to Phototransduction Adaptation

2007 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia M. Krispel ◽  
Maxim Sokolov ◽  
Yen-Ming Chen ◽  
Hongman Song ◽  
Rolf Herrmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
G Protein ◽  
Outer Segment ◽  
Light Adaptation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Rod Photoreceptors ◽  
Response Properties ◽  
Adaptation Mechanisms ◽  
Subunit Expression

For over a decade, phosducin's interaction with the βγ subunits of the G protein, transducin, has been thought to contribute to light adaptation by dynamically controlling the amount of transducin heterotrimer available for activation by photoexcited rhodopsin. In this study we directly tested this hypothesis by characterizing the dark- and light-adapted response properties of phosducin knockout (Pd−/−) rods. Pd−/− rods were notably less sensitive to light than wild-type (WT) rods. The gain of transduction, as measured by the amplification constant using the Lamb-Pugh model of activation, was 32% lower in Pd−/− rods than in WT rods. This reduced amplification correlated with a 36% reduction in the level of transducin βγ-subunit expression, and thus available heterotrimer in Pd−/− rods. However, commonly studied forms of light adaptation were normal in the absence of phosducin. Thus, phosducin does not appear to contribute to adaptation mechanisms of the outer segment by dynamically controlling heterotrimer availability, but rather is necessary for maintaining normal transducin expression and therefore normal flash sensitivity in rods.

Morphological and electrophysiological specializations of photoreceptors in the love spot of hover fly Volucella pellucens

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina I. Ignatova ◽  
Ilkka Miinalainen ◽  
Roman V. Frolov
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Light Adaptation ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Mate Recognition ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Compound Eyes ◽  
Seamless Integration ◽  
Adaptation Mechanisms ◽  
Response Range ◽  
Natural Time

Abstract Studies of functional variability in the compound eyes of flies reveal superior temporal resolution of photoreceptors from the frontal areas that mediate binocular vision, and in males mate recognition and pursuit. However, the mechanisms underlying differences in performance are not known. Here, we investigated properties of hover fly Volucella pellucens photoreceptors from two regions of the retina, the frontal-dorsal “love spot” and the lateral one. Morphologically, the microvilli of the frontal-dorsal photoreceptors were relatively few in number per rhabdomere cross-section, short and narrow. In electrophysiological experiments involving stimulation with prolonged white-noise and natural time intensity series, frontal-dorsal photoreceptors demonstrated comparatively high corner frequencies and information rates. Investigation of possible mechanisms responsible for their superior performance revealed significant differences in the properties of quantum bumps, and, unexpectedly, relatively high absolute sensitivity of the frontal-dorsal photoreceptors. Analysis of light adaptation indicated that photoreceptors from two regions adapt similarly but because frontal-dorsal photoreceptors were depolarized much stronger by the same stimuli than the lateral photoreceptors, they reached a deeper state of adaptation associated with higher corner frequencies of light response. Recordings from the photoreceptor axons were characterized by spike-like events that can significantly expand the frequency response range. Seamless integration of spikes into the graded voltage responses was enabled by light adaptation mechanisms that accelerate kinetics and decrease duration of depolarizing light response transients.

The role of sensory adaptation in the retina

1989 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Laughlin
Keyword(s):  
Information Transfer ◽  
Light Adaptation ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Range Limit ◽  
Biological Organization ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Adaptation Mechanisms ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Common Trade

Adaptation, a change in response to a sustained stimulus, is a widespread property of sensory systems, occurring at many stages, from the most peripheral energy-gathering structures to neural networks. Adaptation is also implemented at many levels of biological organization, from the molecule to the organ. Despite adaptation's diversity, it is fruitful to extract some unifying principles by considering well-characterized components of the insect visual system. A major function of adaptation is to increase the amount of sensory information an organism uses. The amount of information available to an organism is ultimately defined by its environment and its size. The amount of information collected depends upon the ways in which an organism samples and transduces signals. The amount of information that is used is further limited by internal losses during transmission and processing. Adaptation can increase information capture and reduce internal losses by minimizing the effects of physical and biophysical constraints. Optical adaptation mechanisms in compound eyes illustrate a common trade-off between energy (quantum catch) and acuity (sensitivity to changes in the distribution of energy). This trade-off can be carefully regulated to maximize the information gathered (i.e. the number of pictures an eye can reconstruct). Similar trade-offs can be performed neurally by area summation mechanisms. Light adaptation in photoreceptors introduces the roles played by cellular constraints in limiting the available information. Adaptation mechanisms prevent saturation and, by trading gain for temporal acuity, increase the rate of information uptake. By minimizing the constraint of nonlinear summation (imposed by membrane conductance mechanisms) a cell's sensitivity follows the Weber-Fechner law. Thus, a computationally advantageous transformation is generated in response to a cellular constraint. The synaptic transfer of signals from photoreceptors to second-order neurones emphasizes that the cellular constraints of nonlinearity, noise and dynamic range limit the transmission of information from cell to cell. Synaptic amplification is increased to reduce the effects of noise but this resurrects the constraint of dynamic range. Adaptation mechanisms, both confined to single synapses and distributed in networks, remove spatially and temporally redundant signal components to help accommodate more information within a single cell. The net effect is a computationally advantageous removal of the background signal. Again, the cellular constraints on information transfer have dictated a computationally advantageous operation.

How many light adaptation mechanisms are there?

1995 ◽  
Vol 18 (03) ◽  
pp. 496
Author(s):  
M. Deric Bownds ◽  
Vadim Y. Arshavsky
Keyword(s):  
Light Adaptation ◽  
Adaptation Mechanisms
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