The oxygen reduction activities of platinum and platinum alloy catalysts were evaluated at temperatures up to 150 °C in phosphoric acid solution. The oxygen reduction currents and open circuit potentials were measured using chronoamperometry with double potential steps to eliminate the effects of double layer charging currents and metal deactivationcould be eliminated effectively. Based on the mass activity at 0.7 V versus Ag/AgCl, the commercial PtNi catalyst showed higher performances than commercial Pt catalyst at 150 °C. The commercial PtCo catalyst showed high activities at 90 °C and 120 °C. Intermediate temperature fuel cells based on phosphoric acid doped polybenzimidazole membranes were tested with the alloy cathode catalysts. In the case of Pt–Fe alloy an enhanced performance was achieved in comparison to that with Pt carbon catalysts.
Platinum Alloy Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Advances, Challenges and Perspectives
